Native Plant Swap

Since 1910, conservation and environmental studies have been an integral part of Scouting America. Scouts have rendered distinguished public service by helping to conserve wildlife, energy, forests, soil, and water. Past generations of Scouts have been widely recognized for undertaking conservation Good Turn action projects in their local communities. Through environmental explorations, Cub Scouts, Scouts BSA, Venturers, and Sea Scouts visit the outdoors and discover the natural world around them. Many natural resource careers are born in Scouting.

The objective of the Native Plant Swap is to encourage the cultivation of Texas native plants within residential landscapes while also providing assistance to local conservation initiatives, including those led by Scout organizations.

                   Part 1:
Learn about native plants and how to grow plants from seed.
 
Cultivate 12 native plants.

  Part 2:
Swap and take home 10 different native plants. Donate 2 plants for local conservation projects.
  Benefit. Native plants provide multiple benefits to people and wildlife, while contributing greatly to healthy soil and water in urban and rural areas. As the plants establish and flourish, enjoy the abundance of life that they bring to your garden. Share what you have learned with family, friends and neighbors. A single flower can produces hundreds of seeds to share.

This is a 2-part program.

Part 1 Zoom Meeting Date: TBD Participants will RSVP for Part 1 of this 2-part program. Part 1 be a Zoom call to learn about the program, learn how to grow plants from seed, and learn the benefits of using native plants. Participants will then purchase and grow 12 native plants.

     RSVP (opens soon)
Part 2 Cockrell Scout Center
2225 N Loop W
Houston, Texas 77008
Date: TBD Participants will meet to exchange 10 seedlings. Participants will donate two plants that will be used in a local conservation project and take home 10 different native plants.

      Register (opens in August)

Importance of Native Plants

"When it comes to attracting beautiful butterflies and birds to your yard or community, the best thing you can do is use native plants. By planting natives, you restore the health and function of your local ecosystem... Did you know that a native oak tree can support the caterpillars over 500 species of butterflies and moths? Those caterpillars are a critical food source for over 96 percent of the songbirds. For example, a pair of Carolina chickadees requires between 6,000 and 9,000 caterpillars to successfully raise just one brood of young. That’s the power and importance of planting native plants when it comes to supporting wildlife." (Source)

"Nature knows best. When we live in synchronicity with mother nature rather than working against her we provide a better opportunity for survival and quality of life for all species. When we plant what was intended to be here... it will naturally perform better." (Source) Why native plants:

 

• Low maintenance, once established
• Reduced need for fertilizer and pesticides
• Survive temperature extremes
• Reduce mowing costs
• Conserve water
• Protect soils
• Mitigate flooding (<90%)
• Help the climate

• Create a healthier place for you, your family and community
• Provide habitat for birds, butterflies and other wildlife
• Promote biodiversity and stewardship of our natural heritage
• Primary source of wildlife food for many animals
• Attract insect herbivores needed in food chain
• Insects do not recognize non-native plants as food due to lack of evolutionary exposure
• Lack of biodiversity leads to wildlife decline and greater probability of species-specific extinction
​• Full food web allows for predation between all species
Save money in many different ways  

How to Know if a Plant is Native

Texas has over 5,000 species of native plants. Native wildflowers, grasses, shrubs and trees do much more than add beauty to the landscape. "A plant is considered native if it has occurred naturally in a particular region, ecosystem, or habitat without human introduction," having occurred before European settlement in North America. (Source)

Most of the plants in big-box stories and nurseries are non-natives. These plants disrupt the food web, outcompete native plants and degrade the habitat. People vary in how they use the word native to describe native plants. Participants are encouraged to seek out resources (e.g., maps) and research plants by their scientific names to ensure they are not only native to our area but also that they are not cultivars (typically identified by single quotation marks in their name).       

Houston Area Native Plants

Finding native plants can be challenging. "Pollinators need a variety of plants that bloom at different times throughout the season. Some plants provide nectar, others yield pollen, and nutritional values vary with each species. A healthy diet is a diverse diet: what’s true for people is true for pollinators." (Source)  Find a list of native plants using the database below by searching your county code, category (e.g., tree, vine, grass, milkweed, aquatic), the scientific or common name, or where to purchase seeds or plants. 

 

    1Common
Name
1Scientific
Name
2Category 3Propogation
(Cold Stratification days needed)
4Seed Sources 5Where to Buy
(subject to availability)
Bloom
Time
Bloom
Color
6Sun
Exposure
7Soil
moisture
Height AUCOLife
Cycle
9#NWF 
Benefits
10Code /
Maps
11County  
    Acanada Milk Vetch Astragalus canadensis herb seeds (10*), NPN PM   May, Jun, Jul white full, partial dry, wet 3' P butterflies, hummingbirds, birds, bees, insects; host: tailed blue ASCA11;
BONAP
FBCO  
    Alamo vine Merremia dissecta

Ipomea sinuata
vine     BNPHAR, May, Jun, Jul, Aug, Sep, Oct, Nov white, purple full, partial dry, moist, FACU 12' D butterflies MEDI2
BONAP
CDCO 3
  * Alkali Sacaton Sporobolus airoides grass seeds, NPN NAS NPS-M Jun, Jul, Aug, Sep, Oct, Nov yellow partial moist, FAC 3-6' P 3 butterflies & moths, bees SPAI;
BONAP
BZCO, HRCO, MQCO 1
    Alyssum                             2
    American Basketflower Centaurea americana herb seeds NAS HABLSNMBG Feb, Mar, Apr, May, Jun, Jul, Aug pink, white full, partial dry 1.5-5' A butterflies, bees CEAM2;
.
BZCO, CHCO, GRCO, HRCO, MACO, MGCO, WTCO, WHCO  
    American Beautyberry Callicarpa americana shrub - beautyberry seeds, cuttingsNPN; facts NAS BNPENGHABHARNPS-CNPS-H May, Jun, Jul purple, white fruit partial wet 3-6' D butterflies, birds, fruit CAAM2
BONAP
AUCO, BZCO, CHCO, HRCO, MACO, SJCO, TNCO, WTCO, WHCO 11
    American Bur Reed Sparganium americanum grass seeds (Fr) PM   May, Jun, Jul, Aug Yellow, Green full, partial wet, OBL 3' P 6 butterflies & moths, birds, insects SPAM;
BONAP
HRCO, MQCO, WTCO  
    American Holly Ilex opaca tree seeds (30-60), cuttings     Mar, Apr, May, Jun White, Green full, partial, shade Dry, Wet, FAC 15-25' E 42 butterflies & moths, birds, bees, berries; host: elfin ILOP;
BONAP
BZCO, CHCO, GRCO, HRCO, MQCO, SJCO, TNCO, WTCO  
    American Lotus Nelumbo lutea aquatic division PM GSW,   Jul, Aug, Sept white, yellow full wet NELU, OBL   P   NELU;
BONAP
BZCO, CDCO, HRCO,  MGCO, WHCO  
    American Pokeweed Phytolacca americana herb seeds NAS   Jun, Jul, Aug, Sep, Oct, Nov white, pink, purple partial moist, FACU   P birds PHAM4;
BONAP
BZCO, GRCO, HRCO, MACO, WHCO (rare)  
    American Swamp Lily Crinum americanum aquatic - shrub     GSW, MBGNPS-H, NPS-M Jun, Jul, Aug, Sep, Oct, Nov white partial wet,
 
  P birds CRAM2;
BONAP
HRCO (rare)  
    American Sycamore Platanus occidentalis tree  seeds (30), NPN   NWR Mar, Apr red, yellow, green, brown full, partial, shade moist, FACW 150' D birds PLOC
BONAP
AUCO, BZCO, HRCO  
    Anacua, Sandpaper, Knockaway Ehretia anacua tree seeds, cutting   BNPNWR Jan, Feb, Mar, Apr, May, Jun, Jul, Aug, Sep, Oct, Nov, Dec white  full, partial dry 20-45' E bees, honeybees, birds, mammals, insects, fruit EHAN;
BONAP
AUCO, BZCO, HRCO  
    Annual Buttercup Ranunculus sceleratus aquatic seeds (30) PM   Mar, Apr, May, Jun, Jul, Aug, Sep yellow partial wet, med-wet
OBL
2' A 2 butterflies & moths RASC3;
BONAP
AUCO, HRCO, WHCO  
    Antelope-horn Milkweed Asclepias asperula milkweed seeds (90), cuttings   NPS-M Mar, Apr, May, Jun, Jul, Aug, Sep, Oct white, green full Dry, Moist 8-24" P 22* butterflies & mothsbees, birds, host: monarch, queens ASAS;
BONAP
HRCO, WHCO  
    Aquatic milkweed Asclepias perennis milkweed - aquatic seeds   BNP, GSW, HABHARNPS-CNPS-H, MSP May, Jun, Jul, Aug, Sep white, pink full, partial Moist, Wet, OBL 32" P 22* butterflies & moths, bees ASPE;
BONAP
  5
    Arkansas Ironweed Vernonia arkansana                           4
    Arkansas Yucca Yucca arkansana   seeds, cuttings     May, Jun, Jul, Aug, Sep, Oct white full, partial dry 1-4' E   YUAR2;
BONAP
AUCO, BZCO, CHCO, GRCO, HRCO, MACO, WTCO, WHCO  
    Arrow Arum Peltandra virginica aquatic seeds, cuttings (0*), facts PM   April, May, Jun green partial wet,
OBL
2' P birds, ducks PEVI;
BONAP
HECO, MACO  
    Arrowfeather Threeawn Aristida purpurascens grass facts   HAB,  Jun, Jul, Aug, Sep purple, brown   moist, FACW 1.5' P   ARPUAUCO
BONAP
BZCO, GRCO, HECO, WHCO  
    Arrowwood Viburnum Viburnum dentatum shrub seeds, NPN   BNPHAR, MBGNWR May , Jun , Jul white  full, partial, shade moist 6-10' D 67 butterflies & moths; songbirds, mammals, bees, insects; fruit; host: azure VIDE;
BONAP
CHCO, CDCO, GRCO, HRCO, MQCO, SJCO, TNCO, WTCO  
    Ash Fraxinus americana tree seeds(doc)(pdf)(pdf)   NWR Apr, May yellow, purple full, partial, shade dry, moist 120' D 104 butterflies & moths; songbirds, game birds;
host: hairstreak, cloak, viceroy, swallowtail+
FRAM2;
BONAP
BZCO, BUCO, MACO, WTCO, WLCO  
    Bald Cypress Taxodium distichum tree seeds   BNPMBG Apr purple full, partial moist
OBL
50-75'x20-30' D 18 butterflies & moths; birds, mammals; host: moth, sphynx TADI2;
BONAP
BZCO, HRCO, MQCO, SJCO, WTCO, WHCO  
  * Barbados Cherry Malpighia glabra shrub cuttings   BNP*, NWR Mar, Apr, May, Jun, Jul, Aug, Sep, Oct, Nov, Dec pink  full, partial dry 2-6' SE butterflies, birds, berries, insects, mammals; host: skipper, duskywing+ MAGL6;
BONAP
HRCO 2
    Beardtongue Penstemon laxiflorus herb - Penstemon seeds NAS   Mar, Apr, May, Jun white, pink partial dry 1-3' D 14 butterflies & moths; hummingbirds, bees PELA10;
BONAP
AUCO, BZCO, BUCO, CHCO, CDCO, FBCO, GRCO, HRCO, HECO, MACO, MQCO, SJCO, WTCO, WHCO, WHCO  
    Berlandier's Yellow Flax Linum berlandieri       BNP Apr, May, Jun, Jul, Aug, Sep orange, yellow full dry       LIBEB2;
BONAP
BUCO, BZCO, GMCO, WACO, WTCO  
    Big Bluestem "Big Four" Andropogon gerardii grass seeds (0), NPN, divisionfactguide PMNAS BNPHAB Jun, Jul, Aug, Sept   full, partial med-wet, med, med-dry, dry 7' E 22 butterflies & moths; birds, bees, host: skippers ANGE;
BONAP
   
    Bigfoot Waterclover Marsilea macropoda aquatic - herb - groundcover division   BNPNPS-H     full, partial, shade wet,
OBL
6-10" P   MAMA9
BONAP
HRCO  
    Big Muhly - Lindheimer's Muhly Grass Muhlenbergia lindheimer grass     BNPENG, NPS-M May, Jun, Jul, Aug, Sep, Oct, Nov white full dry, moist   E nesting materials for birds MULI;
BONAP
-- 8
    Bird's Foot Violet Viola pedata Violet cuttings, seeds (60) PM   April, May, Jun purple full, partial med, med-dry, dry 3"   20* butterflies & moths, birds, host: fritillary VIPE
BONAP
WTCO  
    Black Cherry Prunus serotina tree cuttings, seeds   BNP Mar, Apr, May white  full, partial moist 70-100' D 270 butterflies & moths; bees, birds, fruit; host: swallowtail, vicoroy+ PRSES
BONAP
BZCO, GRCO, HRCO, SJCO, TNCO, WTCO  
    Blackfoot Daisy         ENG,                    
    Black Gum Nyssa sylvatica tree     BNP Apr, May, Jun white, green, brown full, partial, shade moist 75-100'x40-70'W D bees, birds, mammals NYSY    
    Black Walnut Juglans nigra tree seeds     Apr, May yellow, green, brown full, partial moist 75'+ D 116 butterflies & moths; birds, squirrels JUNI;
BONAP
BZCO, GRCO, HRCO, MQCO, WHCO  
    Black Willow Salix nigra tree cuttings, seeds, NPN   NWR Apr, May yellow full, partial, shade wet 60' D 229 butterflies & moths; bees, birds; waterfowl, mammals, host: viceroy, swallowtail+ SANI
BONAP
AUCO, BZCO, BUCO, CHCO, CDCO, FBCO, HRCO, MACO, MGCO, MQCO, WTCO, WHCO  
    Black-Eyed Susan Rudbeckia hirta herb seeds (30), NPN PMNAS BNPENF, ENGHABHARMBGNPS-C  Jun, Jul, Aug, Sep, Oct yellow full, partial med-wet, med, med-dry 2' P 14* butterflies & moths; birds; bees; host: checkerspot+ RUHI2
BONAP
AUCO, BZCO, BUCO, CHCO, GRCO, HRCO, HECO, MACO, MQCO, SJCO, TNCO, WTCO, WHCO  
    Blackberry, Dewberry, Raspberry Rubus TC       HAR,             100 butterflies & moths   BZCO  
    Blackgum Nyssa aquatica aquatic tree seeds   NWR Apr, May green full wet,
OBL
50-100' D 28 butterflies & moths; bees, insects NYAQ2
BONAP
HECO, MQCO  
    Blackgum Nyssa sylvatica         Apr, May, Jun   full, partial, shade moist 75-100'x40-70'   28 butterflies & moths; bees, insects NYSY    
    Bloodroot Sanguinaria canadensis herb seeds (F  L), division PM   April, May white partial, shade med-wet, med, med-dry 6" P   SACA13:
BONAP
MGCO  
    Blue Curls Phacelia congesta herb seeds NAS   Mar, Apr, May blue, purple full,
partial
dry 3' A, B 4 butterflies & moths; bees, insects PHCO2;
BONAP
BZCO, MACO, WHCO  
    Blue Flax Linum lewisii shrub   NAS BNP Mar, Apr, May, Jun, Jul, Aug, Sep blue, purple full dry 16' P 21* butterflies & moths, bees LILE3
BONAP
MACO  
    Blue Grama Bouteloua gracilis grass - (turf) seeds (0), NPS PMNAS BNPLSN Jul, Aug, Sept yellow full, partial med-dry, dry 12" D butterflies, birds, host for skippers BOGR2;
BONAP
BZCO  
    Blue Mistflower Conoclinium coelestinum herb - mistflower seeds (60), division JBPMNAS BNPENGHARNPS-CNPS-HNPS-MNWR Sep, Oct blue partial med-wet, med, med-dry 1-3' P 1 butterfly & moth; birds, bees COCO13;
BONAP
BZCO, BUCO, CHCO, GRCO, HRCO, HECO, MGCO, MQCO, SJCO, WTCO, WHCO 12
  * Blue Sage Salvia azurea                           4
    Blue Waterleaf Hydrolea ovata aquatic - herb     GSW, Jul, Aug, Sep, Oct blue full, partial wet,
OBL
  P butterflies, birds, bees HYOV
BONAP
BZCO, BUCO, CDCO, FBCO, HRCO, HECO, MACO, TNCO, WTCO, WHCO  
    Bluebonnets Lupinus texensis Lupine seeds NAS BNPARGMBGMGM Mar, Apr, May white, blue full dry 60 cm A 27 butterflies & moths; bees, insects, host: hairstreak, elfin LUTE
BONAP
AUCO, BZCO, CDCO, FBCO, GRCO, MQCO, SJCO, WTCO, WLCO, WHCO  
    Bluebonnets Sandyland Lupinus subcarnosus Lupine seeds NAS   Mar, Apr blue, purple full   <1' A 27 butterflies & moths, bees LUSU
BONAP
AUCO, BZCO, CDCO, HRCO, MACO, SJCO, WTCO, WLCO, WHCO  
    Blue Wood Sedge Carex flaccosperma grass     NPS-M               CAFL-3;
 
   
    Blunt Spike Rush Eleocharis obtusa grass seeds (60) PM   Jun, Jul, Aug, Sep, Oct   full wet, med-wet
OBL
3' A 4* butterflies & moths ELOB2
BONAP
BZCO, BUCO, CHCO, GRCO, HRCO, HECO, MACO, 270, TNCO, WLCO  
    Bluntleaf Milkweed Asclepias amplexicaulis Milkweed       May, Jun, Jul, Aug
 
pink, green, purple       P bees, insects ASAM
BONAP
AUCO, BZCO, HRCO, HECO, MQCO, SJCO, WTCO  
    Boneset Eupatorium perfoliatum Boneset seeds (30) PM   Jul, Aug, Sept white full, partial wet, med-wet 3-6' P 33 butterflies & moths; birds, bees, insects EUPE3;
BONAP
AUCO, BZCO, HRCO, HECO, MQCO, WTCO  
    Bottlebrush Blazing Star, Gayfeather Liatris mucronata herb - gayfeather seeds (30) PMNAS   Aug, Sep, Oct pink, purple full med-dry, dry 1-3' D 6* butterflies & moths LIPUM2
BONAP
BZCO, CDCO, WTCO, WHCO  
    Bottlebrush Grass Elymus hystrix grass     NPS-M                   3
    Bracted Gayfeather Liatris bracteata herb - gayfeather     HAB Oct purple       P 6* butterflies & moths, bees LIBR
BONAP
46,HRCO, MGCO  
    Branched Dicliptera Dicliptera banchiata herb     NPS-H Jul, Aug, Sep, Oct pink, purple partial moist   D butterflies; host: crescent DIBR2;
BONAP
BZCO, BUCO, CHCO, FBCO, HRCO, MGCO, SJCO, WTCO, WHCO 7
  * Bristlegrass Setaria parviflora                           7
    Bristly Sedge Carex comosa grass seeds (60) PM   Jun white, green, brown full wet, med-wet 2'. P . CACOAUCO;
BONAP
WTCO  
    Broadleaf Milkweed Asclepias latifolia milkweed       Jul, Aug, Sep, Oct yellow, green full dry 3' P butterflies, insects ASLA4
BONAP
HECO  
    Broomsedge Andropogon virginicus grass seeds (30) PMNAS HABLSN May, Jun, Jul, Aug, Sep, Oct, Nov yellow, purple, brown partial med, med-dry, dry 4' D 22 butterflies & moths, birds, bees, host: skipper ANVI2
BONAP
AUCO, BZCO, CHCO, FBCO, GRCO,HRCO, HECO, MACO, MQCO, SJCO, TNCO, WTCO, WLCO  
    Brown Fox Sedge Carex vulpinoidea grass seeds (60) PM   Jun, Jul, Aug green, brown full, partial wet, med-wet, med, med-dry 3'. P birds CAVU2
BONAP
BZCO, CHCO, HRCO, HECO, MACO  
    Brownseed Paspalum Paspalum plicatulum grass     HABNPS-H May-Jul bluish-green leaves, full, partial moist 2-4' P 23 butterflies & moths PAPL3
BONAP
AUCO, BZCO, BUCO, CHCO, FBCO, GRCO, HRCO, MACO, MQCO, WTCO, WLCO, WHCO, WHCO  
    Buffalo Gourd Cucurbita foetidissima herb   NAS   Jun, Jul, Aug yellow full     P   CUFO;
BONAP
HRCO  
    Buffalograss Bouteloua dactyloides grass   NAS   Apr, May, Jun, Jul, Aug, Sep, Oct, Nov, Dec yellow full dry 3-12" P-SE birds, butterflies, host: skipper BODA2;
BONAP
BZCO, MACO, WTCO, WHCO, WHCO  
    Bulltongue Arrowhead Sagittaria lancifolia aquatic NPN   GSW, NPS-H Jun, Jul, Aug white full wet 1-3' P 6* butterflies & moths SALA
BONAP
CHCO, FBCO, HRCO  
    Bully Ebenelas                     12 butterflies & moths BONAP; USDA    
    Bur Oak, Burr Oak, Mossycup Oak Quercus macrocarpa tree seeds, NPN   BNPNWR Mar, Apr, May yellow, green, brown full, partial dry, wet 60-100' D 468 butterflies & moths, songbirds, mammals, deer, nuts, host: hairstreak, duskywing QUMA2
BONAP
BZCO, BUCO, MACO, MGCO, WLCO, WHCO  
    Bush sunflower Simsia calva sunflower   NAS   May, Jun, Jul, Aug, Sep, Oct, Nov orange, yellow full dry 1-3' D butterflies, birds SICA7
BONAP
AUCO  
    Bush's Coneflower Echinacea paradoxa herb - coneflower seeds (60) PM   Jun, Jul, Aug yellow partial med, med-dry, dry 1-3' P 1* butterflies & moths, bees ECPA2
BONAP
none 12
    Bushy Bluestem Andropogon glomeratus grass seeds, division   BNPGSWLSN Aug, Sep, Oct, Nov white, brown full moist 4-6' P 22 butterflies & moths, birds, host: skippers, satyrs ANGL2;
BONAP
   
    Bushy Seaside Daisy Borrichia frutescens       BNP                    
    Butterfly Milkweed  Asclepias tuberosa milkweed seeds (30) JBPMNAS BNPENG, HARNPS-C May, Jun, Jul, Aug, Sep orange, yellow full, partial med, med-dry, dry 2' D 22* butterflies & moths, hummingbirds, bees, insects, host: monarch, queen, hairstreak + ASTU
BONAP
AUCO, BZCO, CHCO, GRCO, HRCO, HECO, MACO, MQCO, SJCO, WTCO, WHCO 5
    Butterfly Mistflower Chromolaena odorata shrub - subshrub cuttings   BNPNPS-M Aug, Sep, Oct, Nov, Dec White, Blue, Purple partial dry <8' D butterflies, bees, insects, birds, seeds CHOD;
 
   
    Butterfly White Gaura Oenothera lindheimeri Guara seeds, division   ARGBNPENG, HABHAR JNPNPS-M April, May, Jun, Jul, Aug, Sep, Oct, Nov, Dec white full, partial moist 2-3' P 22 butterflies & moths OELI2
BONAP
BZCO, CHCO, FBCO, HRCO, WHCO 9
    Button Blazing Star, Rough Blazing Star Liatris aspera herb-gayfeather seeds (60) PM BNPHAR, Jul, Aug, Sep, Oct purple, pink full, partial med, med-dry, dry 2-4' P 6* butterflies & moths, hummingbirds, bees LIAS
BONAP
BZCO, GRCO, HRCO, HECO, MQCO, SJCO, WTCO, WLCO, 9
    Buttonbush Cephalanthus occidentalis shrub: Buttonbush, aquatic seeds (0) PM BNPGSW, EG, LNPNPS-HNPS-MNWR Jun, Jul, Aug, Sept white full, partial wet, med-wet OBL  6-12' x 6-8'W D 24 butterflies & moths, birds, bees, insects, fruit, host: sphinx CEOC2
BONAP
BZCO, CHCO, CDCO, GRCO, HRCO, MACO, MGCO, MQCO 2
    California Bullrush Schoenoplectus californicus herb - aquatic seeds   GSW,  Apr, May, Jun, Jul, Aug white, yellow full wet,
OBL
3-6' P   SCCA11;
BONAP
   
    Carolina Thistle Crisium carolinianum       LSN                    
    Caylphus                             9
    Camphor daisy Rayjacksonia phyllocephala       MSP Sep, Oct, Nov, Dec yellow     1-3' A   RAPH2
BONAP
CHCO, HRCO, MGCO  
    Cane bluestem Bothriochloa barbinodis grass - bluestem NPN NAS   Apr, May, Jun, Jul, Aug yellow full dry 3-6' P 4 butterflies & moths BOBA3
BONAP
BZCO  
    Cardinal Flower Lobelia cardinalis cardinal seeds (60), NPN JBPMNAS BNPHAR, LNPNPS-M Jul, Aug, Sept red full, partial, shade wet, med-wet 1-6; P 4* butterflies & moths, birds,  hummingbirds LOCA2
BONAP
BZCO, CHCO, HRCO, HECO, MACO, MQCO, SJCO, WTCO  
    Carolina Buckthorn, Indian Cherry Frangula caroliniana tree seeds   BNP Fall white, yellow, green partial moist 10-15' D butterflies, birds, berries, host: snout FRCA13
BONAP
GRCO, HRCO, TNCO, WTCO, WHCO  
    Carolina Cranesbill Geranium carolinianum Cranesbill seeds (90) PM   May, Jun, Jul, Aug pink full, partial med-dry, dry 1-3' A   GECA5
BONAP
BZCO, BUCO, CHCO, HRCO, HECO, MACO, TNCO, WLCO, WHCO, WHCO  
    Carolina Jessamine  Gelsemium sempervirens vine seeds, cuttings   BNPENG Jan, Feb, Mar, Apr, May, Dec yellow full, partial moist   E butterflies, hummingbirds, bees GESE
BONAP
CHCO, HRCO, MQCO, SJCO, TNCO, WTCO  
    Carolina Snailseed Cocculus carolinus vine - snailseed seeds NAS   Jun, Jul, Aug   partial moist 3-15' E 2 butterflies & moths, birds, fruit COCA
BONAP
BZCO, GRCO, HRCO, MACO, MQCO, WLCO, WHCO  
    Catchfly grass Leersia lenticularis grass seeds (0) PM   Jul, Aug, Sep, Oct white, green partial med-wet, med
OBL
3'. P   LELE2
BONAP
BZCO, CHCO, GRCO, HECO, SJCO, TNCO  
    Cedar Elm Ulmus crassifolia tree seeds, NPN   BNP Jul, Aug, Sep, Oct green full, partial moist 30-60' D butterflies, birds, seeds, mammals, host: question mark, cloak ULCR
BONAP
BZCO, FBCO, GRCO, HRCO, TNCO, WHCO 7
    Cherokee Sedge Carex cherokeensis grass seeds   BNPGSW Apr, May, Jun white, green, brown partial wet   E   CACH3
BONAP
AUCO, BZCO, BUCO, CHCO, FBCO, GRCO, HRCO, MGCO, MQCO, SJCO, WTCO, WLCO, WHCO, WHCO  
    Cherry Laurel Prunus caroliniana shrub seeds, cuttings   BNPHABMBGNPS-MNWR Feb, Mar, Apr white full, partial moist 15-20' x 10-15'W E birds, bees, butterflies (swallowtail, red-spotted purple) PRCA
BONAP
BZCO, BUCO, HRCO, SJCO, TNCO, WTCO, WHCO 7
    Chestnut Castanea pumila tree seeds     Mar, Apr, May, Jun white partial dry   D 102 butterflies & moths; nuts, squirrels, host: moth CAPU9
BONAP
HRCO, MGCO, MQCO, SJCO  
    Chile pequin Capsicum annuum shrub seeds, cuttings   BNPHARNPS-HNPS-MMSPNWR May, Jun, Jul, Aug, Sep, Oct, Nov white partial, shade moist 1-4' D birds, peppers CAAN4
BONAP
AUCO, BZCO, GRCO, HRCO, WLCO  
    Chinquapin Castanea pumila       BNP                    
    Chisos Prairie Acacia Acacia angustissima shrub       May, Jun, Jul, Aug white     20" D 52 butterflies & moths ACANC3;
BONAP 
   
    Cinnamon Fern Osmunda cinnamomea aquatic division, NPN     Feb, Mar, Apr, May, Jun, Jul, Aug, Sep, Oct, Nov, Dec green partial, shade moist 2-3' SE birds OSCI
BONAP
HECO, MACO, SJCO, WTCO  
    Clasping Coneflower Dracopis amplexicaulis herb - Coneflower seeds, NPN NAS BNP Apr, May, Jun, Jul yellow partial moist 1-3' A butterflies, bees DRAM
BONAP
AUCO, BZCO, GRCO, HECO, MACO, MGCO, WTCO, WLCO, WHCO  
    Clasping Dogbane Apocynum sibiricum ? Dogbane seeds (0) PM   May, Jun, Jul, Aug, Sept white full med-wet, med, med-dry 5'   . ???; 
BONAP
MACO, WTCO  
    Clustered Bushmint Hyptis alata Herb seeds, division,  cuttings   HABHARNPS-HNPS-M May, Jun, Jul, Aug, Sep, Oct, Nov white full, partial Moist, Wet
OBL
2-5' P birds, butterflies, bees HYAL
BONAP
CHCO, HRCO, WLCO  
    Clustered Mountain Mint Pycnanthemum muticum Herb - Mountain Mint seeds (0) PM HAR, Jul, Aug, Sept pink full, partial med, med-dry 3' P 3 butterflies & moths, bees PYMU;
BONAP
MQCO  
    Coast Germander Teucrium cubense Herb - Germander     HAB Jun, Jul, Aug, Sep, Oct white full dry 1-3' P   TECU;
BONAP
HRCO  
    Coastal Water Hyssop, herb of grade Bacopa monnieri aquatic - groundcover division   GSW,  Apr, May, Jun, Jul, Aug, Sept white, pink, blue full, partial wet
OBL
  P butterflies, host: white peacock BAMO
BONAP
BZCO, HRCO, TNCO, WHCO  
    Comet Milkweed Asclepias viridiflora milkweed NPN     Jun, Jul, Aug, Sep yellow, green full dry   P bees ASVI
BONAP
BZCO, BUCO, CHCO, CDCO, FBCO, GRCO, HRCO, MACO, MGCO, MQCO, SJCO, WTCO, WHCO  
    Common Arrowhead Sagittaria latifolia aquatic Arrowhead seeds (60), Division PM   Jul, Aug, Sept white full, partial wet
OBL
3' P 6* butterflies & moths SALA2;
BONAP
BZCO, CHCO, HECO, SJCO, WTCO  
    Common Beggarticks Bidens frondosa herb - Beggarticks seeds (60) PM   Jun, Jul, Aug, Sep, Oct yellow, orange full, partial, shade wet, med-wet 3' A bees BIFR;
BONAP
BZCO, WTCO  
    Common Blue Violet Viola sororia herb - Violet seeds (60) PM   April, May, Jun purple full partial, shade med-wet, med, med-dry 4" A, SE 20 butterflies & moths, birds VISO;
BONAP
AUCO, BZCO, CDCO, HRCO, HECO, MGCO, SJCO, WTCO, WLCO  
    Common Elm (Winged) Ulmus alata tree seeds, cuttings     Feb, Mar, Apr yellow, green partial dry 30-40'x30-40'W D question mark butterfly, Painted Lady, Eastern Comma ULAL    
    Common Evening Primrose Oenothera biennis herb - Primrose seeds (0), cuttings, NPN PM   Jun, Jul, Aug, Sep, Oct yellow full, partial med-wet, med, med-dry, dry 3-6' B 22 butterflies & moths, birds, bees, hummingbirds, mammals OEBI:
BONAP
HRCO  
    Common Hop Sedge Carex lupulina grass seeds (60) PM   Jun, Jul, Aug   full, partial, shade wet, med-wet 3'. P . CALU4:
BONAP
BZCO, GRCO, HRCO, HECO, MACO, SJCO, TNCO, WTCO  
    Common Ironweed Vernonia fasciculata Ironweed seeds (60) PM   Jul, Aug, Sept purple full, partial, shade med-wet, med 6' P 19* butterflies & moths;
bees, host; painted lady
VEFA2;
BONAP
none  
    Common Rush Juncus effusus aquatic Rush seeds (60), NPN PM GSW Jul, Aug, Sept full full wet, med-wet, med OBL 2' P 6* butterflies & moths, birds JUEF;
BONAP
AUCO, BZCO, BUCO, CHCO, GRCO, HRCO, MACO, MQCO, SJCO, TNCO, WTCO  
    Common Sunflower Helianthus annuus sunflower seeds NAS   Jul, Aug, Sep, Oct yellow sun dry 1-8' A birds, bees HEAN3;
BONAP
BZCO, BUCO, CHCO, CDCO, FBCO, HRCO, MACO, WTCO, WHCO, WHCO  
    Common Tussock Sedge Carex stricta grass seeds (60) PM   Jun, Jul white, green, brown full, partial wet, med-wet
OBL
3'. P butterflies, birds, host: mulberry wing+ CASTAUCO
BONAP
WTCO  
    Common Wood Sedge Carex blanda grass seeds (60) PM BNP Mar, Apr, May, Jun, Jul white, green, brown full, partial, shade wet, med-wet, med, med-dry 2'. E . CABL
BONAP
AUCO, BZCO, BUCO, FBCO, HRCO, WTCO, WHCO  
    Compass Plant Silphium laciniatum Compass seeds (60) PM   Jun, Jul, Aug, Sept yellow full, partial med-wet, med, med-dry, dry 8' D 2* butterflies & moths, birds, bees SILA3;
BONAP
BZCO, BUCO, CHCO, HRCO  
    Coontail Ceratophyllum demersum aquatic - herb     NPS-H Mar, Apr, May, Jun, Jul, Aug, Sep, Oct, Nov pink, yellow, blue Part Shade wet, OBL       CEDE4
BONAP
BZCO, CHCO, CDCO, FBCO, HRCO, HECO, TNCO, WTCO  
    Coral Honeysuckle Lonicera sempervirens vine seed, cuttings   ARGBNPENGHARLNPMBGMSP, NNC, NPS-MNWR Apr, Ma, Jun, Jul, Aug, Sep, Oct coral full, partial moist 2" E 28 butterflies & moths, birds, hummingbirds, bees, fruit, host: azure, moth LOSE;
BONAP
BZCO, BUCO, CHCO, GRCO, HRCO, HECO, MACO, MQCO, SJCO, TNCO, WTCO, WHCO  
    Coralbean Erythrina herbacea   seeds, cuttings, division   BNPHABHARMBGNWR May, Jun, Jul, Aug, Sep, Oct, Nov red full, partial dry 6-12' x 6-8' D 8 butterflies & moths, hummingbirds ERHE4;
BONAP
BZCO, BUCO, CHCO, GRCO, HRCO, MACO, MQCO, SJCO, TNCO, WTCO, WHCO  
    Coralberry Symphoricarpos orbiculatus Coralberry cuttings, seeds, NPN PM ARG, BNPENF, HARNPS-CNPS-H May, Jun pink, coral full, partial med-wet, med, med-dry 1.5' to 6' D bees, birds, fruit SYOR
BONAP
BZCO, CHCO, FBCO, GRCO, HECO, MACO, SJCO, WTCO 4
    Coral Vine         NWR                    
    Cord grass Spartina pectinata grass seeds (0) or division PM GSW Jul, Aug, Sept   full, partial wet, med-wet, med 8'   birds SPPE
BONAP
BZCO, CHCO, HRCO  
    Corpus Christi Fleabane Erigeron procumbens herb - fleabane     HABHAR, Mar, Apr, May, Jun white, pink, yellow         insects ERPR16;
BONAP
BZCO, CHCO, MQCO  
    Cottonwood Populus deltoides tree cuttings     Feb, Mar, Apr yellow full, partial, shade dry, wet 180 D 183 butterflies & moths, birds; Host: cloak, viceroy, swallowtail PODE3;
BONAP
BZCO, BUCO, CDCO, FBCO, HRCO, HECO, MACO, MGCO, TNCO, WLCO, WHCO  
    Cowbane Oxypolis rigidior Cowbane seeds PM   Aug, Sept white full, partial wet, med-wet, OBL   P insects OXRI;
BONAP
WTCO  
    Cowlily Nuphar lutea aquatic - Lily pad cuttings   GSW,  Mar, Apr, May, Jun, Jul, Aug, Sep, Oct yellow full, partial wet, OBL 1-3' P turtles, deer, muskrats NULU
BONAP*
BZCO, MGCO  
    Cowpen Daisy Verbesina encelioides herb - daisy seeds NAS   Mar, Apr, May blue dry   1-3' A 21* butterflies & moths, bees VEEN;
BONAP
BZCO, HECO, MACO, WTCO  
    Creeping Bluestar Amsonia repens       HABENF,  Mar, Apr, May blue           AMRE3;
BONAP
   
    Creeping Burhead Echinodorus cordifollius aquatic Arrowhead     GSW,  Apr, May, Jun, Jul, Aug, Sep white Wet
OBL
    A   ECCO3;
BONAP
BZCO, BUCO, CHCO, HRCO, HECO, MACO  
    Creeping Spotflower  Acmella repens groundcover cuttings   HABNPS-HNPS-M May, Jun, Jul, Aug, Sep, Oct, Nov orange, yellow, green full   <1' P   ACOPR
BONAP
BZCO, CHCO, CDCO, FBCO, HRCO, MGCO, MQCO, SJCO, WTCO, WHCO  
    Crossvine Bignonia capreolata vine cuttings, seeds, NPN   ARG, BNPENG, LNP Mar-Jun red, yellow full, partial Dry, Moist up to 70' E 2 butterflies & moths, hummingbirds BICA;
BONAP
CHCO, GRCO, MQCO, SJCO, TNCO, WTCO  
    Crowfoot Fox Sedge Carex crus-corvi grass seeds (60) PM   May, Jun, Jul, Aug . full, partial, shade med-wet, med, OBL 3'. P . CACRAUCO
BONAP
BZCO, BUCO, CDCO, FBCO, GRCO, HRCO, HECO, MACO, TNCO, WTCO, WHCO  
    Culver's Root Veronicastrum virginicum herb seeds (60), division, cuttings PM   Jun, Jul, Aug white full, partial med-wet, med, med-dry 5' P butterflies, bees VEVI4;
BONAP
none  
    Cutleaf Daisy, Engelmann's Daisy Engelmannia peristenia Daisy seeds NAS BNPENF, LNP Mar, Apr, May, Jun, Jul Yellow dry   1.5" E 1 butterfly & moth, birds ENPE4;
BONAP
AUCO, BZCO, CDCO, GRCO, MACO, MGCO, MQCO, SJCO, WTCO, WHCO  
    Cutleaf Ev. Primrose Oenothera laciniata Primrose division NAS   Mar, Apr, May, Jun, Jul, Aug, Sep, Oct white, pink, yellow partial     A bees OELA;
BONAP
BZCO, BUCO, HRCO, MACO, MQCO, TNCO, WLCO, WHCO  
    Dahlberg Daisy Thymophylla tenuiloba       ENG                    
    Dahoon Holly Ilex cassine       BNP                    
    Dark-Green Bulrush Scirpus atrovirens grass seeds (60) PM   Jun, Jul, Aug   full wet, med-wet 5' P   SCAT2;
BONAP
WTCO  
    Delta Arrowhead Sagittaria platyphylla aquatic Arrowhead     GSW,  May, Jun, Jul, Aug green, brown full wet, OBL 3-6' P waterfowl, birds SAPL;
BONAP
BZCO, BUCO, CHCO, CDCO, GRCO, HRCO, HECO, MACO, MGCO, MQCO, SJCO, WTCO, WHCO,   
    Devil's Walking Stick Aralia spinosa Walking Stick seeds (60), cuttings PM   Jun, Jul, Aug, Sept white full, partial med-wet, med, med-dry to 30' D ?? butterflies & moths, insects, birds, bees, fruit ARSP2
BONAP
BZCO, CHCO, HRCO, MQCO, SJCO, WTCO  
    Devil's Claw Proboscidea louisianica Claw seeds NAS   May, Jun, Jul, Aug, Sep white, pink, yellow, purple full dry 2' A   PRLO;
BONAP
BZCO, BUCO, HRCO  
    Ditch Stonecrop Penthorum sedoides herb - stonecrop seeds (60) PM   Jun, Jul, Aug, Sept green, red full, partial wet, med-wet, OBL 2' P   PESE6;
BONAP
AUCO, BZCO, HRCO, HECO, MACO, WTCO  
    Dogbane Apocynum cannabinum Dogbane seeds (0) PM   May, Jun, Jul, Aug white full, partial med-wet, med, med-dry 4' P butterflies, insects, monarchs APCA
BONAP
MACO, WTCO  
    Dotted Blazing Star Liatris punctata Blazing Star seeds (30-90) PM BNP Jul, Aug, Sept purple full, partial med-dry, dry 2' P 6* butterflies & moths, birds, bees LIPU;
BONAP
BZCO, CDCO, HRCO,  MGCO, WTCO, WHCO  
    Dotted St. John's Wort Hypericum punctatum St. John's Wort seeds (60) PM   Jul, Aug, Sept yellow full, partial med, med-dry   P 13* butterflies & moths, bees HYPU
BONAP
WTCO  
    Downy Lobelia Lobelia puberula herb - lobelia     HABNPS-H Aug, Sep, Oct Blue       P 4* butterflies & moths LOPU;
BONAP
AUCO, BZCO, CHCO, HRCO, HECO, MACO, MQCO, SJCO, TNCO, WTCO  
    Downy Sunflower Helianthus mollis herb - sunflower seeds (30), NPN PM   Aug, Sept yellow full, partial wet, med-wet   P 81 butterflies & moths, bees HEMO2;
BONAP
BZCO, CHCO, HRCO, WTCO, WLCO  
    Drummond Red Maple Acer rubrum var. drummondii tree  seeds   BNPHAR, MBGMGM Feb, Mar, Apr red full, partial moist, wet 80' x 30-40'W D 180 butterflies & moths, seeds for birds, insects, host: Sphynx ACRUD
BONAP
HRCO, SJCO, TNCO  
    Drummond's Aster Symphyotrichum drummondii Aster seeds (0) PM   Sep,  Oct white full, partial, shade med-wet, med, med-dry 3' P 7* butterflies & moths SYDR
BONAP
   
    Dudley's Rush Juncus dudleyi grass seeds (60) PM   Jun, Jul, Aug, Sept green full med-wet, med, med-dry 2' P 6* butterflies & moths JUDU2;
BONAP
AUCO  
    Dutchman's Pipe Aristolochia serpentaria vine seeds     Apr, May, Jun yellow, purple shade dry 1-3' D butterflies, host: pipevine swallowtail ARSE3;
BONAP
HRCO, SJCO, WTCO  
    Dwarf Palmetto Sabal minor shrub     BNPHARNPS-H Sep, Oct   full, partial, shade   5-6' x 4-6' E 5 butterflies & moths SAMIAUCO;
BONAP
BZCO, 3AUCO, HRCO, MACO, MQCO, WHCO  
    Early Buttercup Ranunculus fascicularis Buttercup seeds (60) PM   April, May yellow full, partial med-dry, dry 9"   2 butterflies & moths, bees RAFA;
BONAP
AUCO, BZCO, BUCO, CDCO, GRCO, HECO, MACO, MGCO, MQCO, TNCO, WTCO  
    Early Sunflower Heliopsis helianthoides sunflower seeds (30) PM   Jun, Jul, Aug, Sept yellow full, partial med-wet, med, med-dry   P hummingbirds HEHE5;
BONAP
HRCO  
    Eastern Beebalm Monarda bradburiana herb     NPS-M Jun, Jul, Aug, Sep Pink, Purple Sun Moist     hummingbirds, bees MOBR2;
BONAP

 
   
    Eastern Gamagrass Tripsacum dactyloides grass seeds, NPN NAS BNPGSWHABMSP Apr, May, Jun brown  full, partial moist 4-8' P 5 butterflies & moths, birds, host: skipper TRDA3;
BONAP
AUCO, BZCO, CHCO, GRCO, HRCO, MACO, MQCO, WHCO,   
    Eastern Prickly Pear Cactus Opuntia humifusa Cactus seeds (0) PM   Jun, Jul yellow full, partial dry <1' P 27 butterflies & moths, bees OPHU;
BONAP
AUCO, CHCO, CDCO, HRCO, HECO, MGCO,  WTCO, WLCO  
    Eastern Red Cedar  Juniperus virginiana tree NPN   BNPENG Nov, Dec   full, partial dry 20-50' E 46 butterflies & moth, birds, mammals, berries, host: olive JUVI;
BONAP
AUCO, BZCO, CHCO, CDCO, FBCO, GRCO, HRCO, MACO, MQCO, SJCO, WTCO, WHCO  
    Eastern Redbud Cercis canadensis tree seeds (30-60)   BNPHARMBGNPS-C  Mar, Apr, May pink partial moist 15-25'x15-20'W D 27 butterflies & moths (Henry's Elfin), birds, bees CECA4
BONAP
AUCO, BZCO, BUCO, CHCO, GRCO, HRCO, MACO, MGCO, MQCO, SJCO, TNCO, WTCO, WHCO  
    Eastern Swamp Privet Forestiera acuminata       BNP                    
    Elbow Bush Forestiera pubescense       ENG,                    
    Elderberry Sambucus canadensis                           12
  * Elderberry Sambucus nigra shrub - Elderberry seeds (M), buttings, NPN PM BNPHAR, Jun, Jul, Aug white full, partial med-wet, med, med-dry up to 10' D 24 butterflies & moths, birds, bees SANIC4
BONAP
BZCO, BUCO, GRCO, HRCO, HECO, MGCO, MQCO, SJCO, WTCO, WLCO, WHCO 4
    Elephant's Foot  Elephantopus carolinianus herb     NPS-H Sep, Oct, Nov pink, purple partial, shade   1-3' P   ELCA3;
BONAP
BZCO, BUCO, CHCO, GRCO, HRCO, HECO, MACO, MQCO, SJCO, WTCO, WHCO  
    Elliot's Bluestem Andropogon gyrans grass     HAB   white, green         22 butterflies & moths ANGY2
BONAP
WTCO  
    Elm-Leaved Goldenrod Solidago ulmifolia Goldenrod seeds (60) PM   Jul, Aug, Sep, Oct yellow partial, shade med, med-dry 3' P 82 butterflies & moths, bees SOUL2
BONAP
BZCO, BUCO, GRCO,HECO, MACO, MQCO, SJCO, WTCO, WHCO, WHCO  
    Emory's Sedge Carex emoryi grass seeds (60) PM   Jun, Jul, Aug white, green, brown full, partial wet, med-wet, OBL 2'. P . CAEM2
BONAP
MACO  
    Eryngo Eryngium leavenworthii Eryngo seeds NAS   Jul, Aug, Sep blue, purple full, partial moist 2-3' A 4* butterflies & moths, birds ERLE11;
BONAP
AUCO, BZCO, HRCO  
    Fall Obedient Plant Physostegia virginiana Obedient seeds (60), division PM BNPMBGNPS-CNPS-MNWR Aug, Sept pink full, partial wet, med-wet, med 4' P butterflies, hummingbirds, bees PHVIAUCO;
BONAP
CHCO, GRCO, HRCO 9
    False Aloe Manfreda virginica cactus seeds, NPN   NPS-C May, Jun, Jul, Aug green sun dry   P moths MAVI5;
BONAP
BZCO, CHCO, HRCO, MQCO, SJCO, WTCO  
    False Boneset Brickellia eupatorioides Boneset seeds (0) PM   May, Jun, Jul, Aug, Sep, Oct, Nov cream full, partial med-dry, dry   P 7 butterflies & moths BREU;
BONAP
HRCO, HECO, MQCO, SJCO, WTCO, WHCO  
    False Dragonhead Physostegia angustifolia                           6
    False Indigo, Indigo Bush, River Locust Amorpha fruticosa tree seeds (10), cuttings, NPN PM BNPLSNMBGMSPNPS-H Jun, Jul, Aug purple full, partial med-wet, med, med-dry, dry up to 12' D 29 butterflies & moths, bees, insects, host: skippers, dogface, hairstreak+ AMFR
BONAP
BZCO, CHCO, CDCO, HRCO, HRCO, MQCO, WTCO, WLCO, WHCO  
    False Pennyroyal Isanthus brachiatus Pennyroyal seeds (F) PM   Jul, Aug, Sep, Oct blue partial med-dry, dry   A   TRBR5;
BONAP
GRCO  
    Farkleberry, Sparkleberry Vaccinium arboreum tree seeds, cuttings     Mar, Apr, May, Jun, Jul, Aug, Sep, Oct, Nov, Dec white  shade dry 12-15' D, E 151 butterflies & moths, bees, birds, mammals; host: elfin, hairstreak. VAAR;
BONAP
BZCO, BUCO, CHCO, CDCO, FBCO, GRCO, HRCO, HECO, MACO, MQCO, SJCO, TNCO, WTCO, WLCO, WHCO  
    Fewflower Milkweed Asclepias lanceolata milkweed       May, Jun, Jul, Aug red, orange full wet, OBL   P bees ASLA2
BONAP
HRCO  
    Fire-On-The-Mountain Euphorbia cyathophora Mountain seeds (0) PM   Jul, Aug, Sep, Oct green full, partial med-wet, med, med-dry 1-3'. A 16* butterflies & moths EUCY;
BONAP
WTCO  
    Flame Acanthus Anisacanthus quadrifidus       BNPENF, ENGLSN                   7
    Flatstem Spike Rush Eleocharis compressa grass seeds (60) PM   May, Jun   full, partial wet, med-wet 2'   4* butterflies & moths ELCO2;
BONAP
BZCO  
    Florida Paspalum Paspalum floridanum       HAB Aug, Sep, Oct, Nov white, green, brown     3-6' P 23 butterflies & moths PAFL4;
BONAP
AUCO, BZCO, BUCO, CHCO, CDCO, FBCO, GRCO, HRCO, HECO, MACO, MQCO, TNCO, WTCO, WLCO, WHCO, WHCO  
    Flowering Dogwood Cornus florida tree seeds, NPN   HAR, LNPMBG Mar, Apr, May, Jun white, pink, yellow, green Part Shade, Shade Dry, Moist   D 79 butterflies & moths, birds, bees, mammals, fruit, host: azure COFL2
BONAP
AUCO, BZCO, BUCO, CHCO, GRCO, HRCO, HECO, MACO, MQCO, SJCO, TNCO, WTCO, WLCO, WHCO,   
    Flowering Spurge Euphorbia corollata Spurge seeds (30), division, cuttings PM   Jun, Jul, Aug, Sep, Oct white full, partial med, med-dry, dry 1-3' P 16 butterflies & moths EUCO10;
BONAP
BZCO, CDCO, HRCO, MQCO, SJCO, TNCO, WTCO, WLCO, WHCO, WHCO  
    Foetida Passion Vine Passiflora foetida       BNP,                    
    Four-Nerve Daisy Tetraneuris scaposa       ENF, ENG,                    
    Four-Wing Saltbush Atriplex canescens Saltbush seeds, cuttings, NPN NAS   Mar, Apr, May, Jun, Jul, Aug, Sep, Oct, Nov yellow partial dry 8' E butterflies, birds, bees, mammals, fruit, host: sootywing ATCA2
BONAP
BZCO  
    Fowl Manna grass Glyceria striata grass seeds (0) PM   Jun, Jul, Aug, Sept green full, partial, shade wet, med-wet, med 3' P   GLST;
BONAP
WHCO  
    Foxglove Beardtongue, Smooth white Penstemon Penstemon digitalis penstemon seeds (30), cuttings, division PM, NAS MBG Jun, Jul white full, partial med, med-dry 4' SE 14* butterflies & moths, hummingbirds, bees PEDI;
BONAP
WTCO  
  * Fragrant Mistflower Eupatorium havanese herb - mistflower     BNPENFENG, LSNNWR             33 butterflies & moths ;
BONAP
none 2
    Fragrant Sumac Rhus aromatica Sumac seeds (60), cuttings, NPN PM BNPNWR Jun, Jul, Aug yellow full, partial, shade med-dry, dry 6' D 55 butterflies & moths, birds, bees, host: hairstreak RHAR4;
BONAP
BZCO, GRCO, MACO, MQCO, SJCO, TNCO, WTCO  
    Fringe Tree Chionanthus virginicus tree seeds   BNP Apr, May, Jun white  partial   15-30' D 10 butterflies & moths, birds, berries, host: sphinx CHVI3
BONAP
GRCO, HRCO, MQCO, SJCO, TNCO. WTCO  
    Fringed Brome Bromus ciliatus grass seeds (0), NPN PM   Jul, Aug, Sept yellow full, partial wet, med-wet 4'. P 13 butterflies & moths BRCI2;
BONAP
BZCO, MACO, 1BUCO  
    Fringed Loosestrife Lysimachia ciliata Loosestrife seeds (60), division PM   Jun, Jul, Aug yellow full, partial, shade med-wet, med 1.5-2' P bees LYCI;
BONAP
WHCO  
    Frogfruit Phylaincisa Phyla nodiflora groundcover division   ARG, BNPENF, ENGGSW, HABHARNPS-CNPS-H, NPS-MNWR May, Jun, Jul, Aug, Sep, Oct white full, partial, shade dry, wet   SE nectar, host: crescentspot, buckeye, peacook butteflies PHNO2;
BONAP
none ? 9
    Frostweed Verbesina virginica Frostweed seeds, division NAS HABNWR Aug, Sep, Oct, Nov white  partial, shade   3-6' B, D 21 butterflies & moths, bees VEVI3;
BONAP
BZCO, BUCO, CHCO, GRCO, HRCO, HECO, MACO, MQCO, SJCO, WTCO, WHCO 7
    Germander Teucrium canadense herb - germander seeds (60) PM NPS-C May, Jun, Jul, Aug pink full, partial med-wet, med, med-dry 3' D butterflies TECA3;
BONAP
BZCO, BUCO, CDCO, HRCO, HECO, MQCO, WTCO, WLCO, WHCO  
    Giant Ironweed, Tall Ironweed, Indian Hyssop Vernonia gigantea herb - ironweed seeds (60) JBPM   Aug, Sep, Oct purple full, partial, shade med-wet, med 5' P 19 butterflies & moths, bees VEGI;
BONAP
MQCO  
    Goat's Rue Tephrosia virginiana herb - rue seeds (10) PM   Jun, Jul pink, yellow full, partial, shade med, med-dry, dry 12" P birds TEVI;
BONAP
CHCO, HECO, MACO, SJCO, TNCO, WTCO  
    Golden Alexanders Zizia aurea   herb - Alexanders seeds (60), NPN JBPM   April, May, Jun yellow full med-wet, med, med-dry 3' P butterflies, bees, host: swallowtail ZIAU;
BONAP
BZCO, HRCO, SJCO, WTCO  
    Golden Groundsel Packera obovata       BNP                    
    Goldenrod Solidago spp       NPS-M                    
    Golden-Wave Tickseed Coreopsis basalis herb - Coreopsis   NAS   Jun, Jul yellow full dry   A 6 butterflies & moths COBA2
BONAP
AUCO, BZCO, BUCO, CHCO, CDCO, FBCO, GRCO, HRCO, MACO, MQCO, SJCO, WTCO, WLCO, WHCO  
    Great Bulrush Scirpus validus grass seeds (60) PM   Jun, Jul, Aug   full wet, med-wet 6'     SCTA2;
BONAP
CHCO  
    Great Coneflower, Bog Coneflower Rudbeckia maxima herb - coneflower seeds (0) PM ARGBNPGSW, HAR, LNP, MBGNWR Jun, Jul yellow full, partial med-wet, med 6' E 14* butterflies & moths, bees RUMA3;
BONAP
MACO, SJCO, WTCO, WLCO 1
    Great Plains Flat Sedge Cyperus lupulinus grass seeds (60) PM   Aug, Sept   full, partial med, med-dry, dry 2" P 9 butterflies & moths CYLU2
BONAP
BZCO, GRCO, WLCO  
    Great Plains Goldenrod Euthamia gymnospermoides goldenrod seeds (60) PM   Jul, Aug, Sept yellow full med-wet, med, med-dry   P 5 butterflies & moths, bees EUGY;
BONAP
BZCO, CHCO, CDCO, HRCO, MGCO, WLCO  
    Green Dragon Arisaema dracontium Dragon seeds (L), division PM   Feb, Mar, Apr, May, Jun green partial, shade moist 3' P birds, mammals, fruit ARDR3
BONAP
   
    Green Milkweed, Green Antelopehorn Milkweed, Spider Milkweed  Asclepias viridis milkweed seeds (30) JBPMNAS BNPHARMBGNPS-C May, Jun green full, partial med-dry, dry, moist 12" P 22* butterflies & moths, bees, insects ASVI2
BONAP
BZCO, BUCO, CHCO, FBCO, GRCO, HRCO, MGCO, MQCO, SJCO, WTCO, WHCO, WHCO 10
    Green Sprangletop Leptochloa dubia Sprangletop NPN NAS   May, Jun, Jul, Aug, Sep, Oct, Nov yellow partial dry 1-3 ft. P butterflies, host: skipper butterflies LEDU;
BONAP
HRCO  
    Gregg's Mistflower Conoclinium greggii       BNPENG, LNPNWR               COGR10;
 
  8
    Grooved Yellow Flax Linum sulcatum Flax seeds (30) PM   Jul, Aug, Sept yellow full med-dry, dry 1-3 ft. A 21* butterflies & moths, bees LISU4;
BONAP
CHCO, HRCO, WHCO  
    Ground Plum Astragalus crassicarpus Plum seeds (10), NPN PM   May, Jun purple full med-dry, dry 12" P butterflies, host: duskywing ASCR2
BONAP
BUCO, GRCO, WTCO, WHCO  
    Gulf Coast / Brazos Penstemon Penstemon tenuis   seeds   BNPHABHARLNPMBGMSPNPS-CNPS-HNWR Mar, Apr, May purple full, partial moist 1 1/2' P hummingbird, bees PETE3;
BONAP
WHCO 12
    Gulf Cordgrass Spartina spartinae grass     GSW,  Apr, May, Jun, Jul, Aug, Sep, Oct green full wet, OBL 6' P   SPSP;
BONAP
BZCO, CHCO, HRCO, MGCO  
    Gulf / Pink Muhly Muhlenbergia capillaris grass seeds   BNPENG, HABHARLNPMSP, NPS-CNPS-H Sep, Oct, Nov purple, pink feathery full, partial dry, moist 1.5-3' P   MUCA2;
BONAP
AUCO, BZCO, CHCO, CDCO, GRCO, HRCO, MACO, MQCO, SJCO, WTCO, WLCO, WHCO  
    Gulf Vervain Verbena xutha herb     HABHARMSPNPS-H  Mar, Apr, May, Jun, Jul, Aug, Sep, Oct blue, purple full, partial dry, moist 3-4' E   VEXU;
BONAP
BZCO, BUCO, CHCO, CDCO, GRCO, HRCO, MACO, MQCO, SJCO, WTCO, WHCO  
    Gulf Waterweed Hygrophilia lacustris aquatic     GSW,               ;
BONAP
   
    Hairy Panic grass Panicum acuminatum grass seeds (60) PM   Jul, Aug, Sept   full, partial med, med-dry, dry 2'.   30 butterflies & moths DIACA;
BONAP
BZCO, CHCO, 120, MACO, WHCO  
    Hairy Sunflower, Rough Sunflower Helianthus hirsutus herb     HABNPS-H Aug, Sep, Oct, Nov yellow, brown       P bees HEHI2;
BONAP
BZCO, CHCO, MACO, SJCO, WTCO, WHCO  
    Hairy Wood Chess Bromus pubescens grass seeds (30) PM   Jun, Jul, Aug white, green partial, shade med-wet, med, med-dry 4'. P 13 butterflies & moths BRPU6;
BONAP
BZCO, MACO, WTCO  
    Halberd Leaf Hisbiscus Hibiscus militaris shrub - aquatic - Hibiscus     GSW,               :
BONAP
BZCO, CHCO, CDCO, GRCO, HRCO, HECO, MACO, MQCO  
    Harry Small-Leaf Ticktrefoil Desmodium ciliare herb     HAB Jun, Jul, Aug, Sep, Oct white, purple, violet       P   DECI;
BONAP
BZCO, FBCO, HRCO, MACO, MQCO, SJCO, TNCO, WTCO  
    Havard's Century Plant Agave havardiana       LSN                    
    Heartleaf Skullcap Scutellaria ovata herb - skullcap seeds (60) PM BNPHABNPS-CNPS-H Jun, Jul blue partial, shade med-wet, med, med-dry 2' E hummingbirds SCOV;
BONAP
BZCO, HRCO 8
    Helmut Skullcap Scutellaria integifolia herb - skullcap     NPS-H May, Jun, Jul white, pink, blue full wet       SCIN2;
BONAP
CHCO, HECO, MQCO, SJCO, TNCO  
    Hercules Club, Toothache tree, Lime prickly ash Zanthoxylum clava-herculis tree     BNPHARMBGNPS-HNWR Mar, Apr white, yellow full, partial dry 10-25' D host: Giant Swallowtail butterflies, birds ;
BONAP
BZCO, BUCO, GRCO, HRCO, MACO, SJCO, WTCO, WLCO, WHCO 3
    Hickory Carya aquatica tree seeds     Apr yellow partial wet, OBL 150' D 189 butterflies & moths, host: luna, dagger, regal CAAQ2
BONAP
BZCO, CHCO, CDCO, MACO, MQCO, WTCO  
    Hollow Joe Pye Weed Eutrochium fistulosum Joe Pye seeds (60) PM   Jul, Aug, Sept purple full, partial, shade wet, med-wet 7' P butterflies, birds, bees EUFI14;
BONAP
SJCO  
    Hooded Windmill grass Chloris cucullata grass seeds NAS   Mar, Apr, May, Jun, Jul, Aug, Sep, Oct, Nov   partial moist 1-3' P 3 butterflies & moths, birds, mammals; host: skippers, satyrs CHCU2
BONAP
AUCO, BZCO, CDCO  
    Hooker's Eryngo Eryngium hookeri herb - eryngo   NAS HAB Jul, Aug, Sep purple       A 4 butterflies & moths, bees ERHO9;
BONAP
AUCO, BZCO, CHCO, FBCO, HRCO, MACO,  WTCO, WLCO, WHCO, WHCO  
    Hornbeam, Ironwood, Musclewood, blue Beech Carpinus caroliniana tree - understory seeds, NPN   BNPHAR, NWR Sep, Oct, Nov. Dec red, green, brown partial, shade moist 20-30' D 52 butterflies & moths, birds, mammals, host: swallowtail, hairstreak, purple CACA1AUCO
BONAP
CHCO, HRCO, HECO, MQCO, SJCO, WTCO  
    Horseherb Calyptocarpus vialis groundcover division, cuttings   BNPENGHAR, NWR Mar, Apr, May, Jun, Jul, Aug, Sep, Oct, Nov  yellow  full, partial, shade dry, moist 8-10" E, SE butterflies CAVI2
BONAP
BZCO, BUCO, CHCO, FBCO, HRCO, SJCO, WTCO, WHCO 6
    Horsetail Milkweed Aslepias subverticillata       LSN                    
    Horsetail Reed Equisetum hymenale aquatic - rush division   BNPENGGSW, HAR,  NPS-HNPS-M Jan, Feb, Mar, Apr, May, Jun, Jul, Aug, Sep, Oct, Nov, Dec   full, partial wet
FACW
2-3' E   EQHYA;
BONAP
BZCO, FBCO, GRCO, HRCO, SJCO, WHCO  
    Hyssop-Leaved Thoroughwort Eupatorium hyssopifolium herb - boneset seeds (60) PM NPS-H Jun, Jul, Aug, Sep, Oct white full, partial med, med-dry, dry     33 butterflies & moths, birds EUGL7;
BONAP
AUCO, BZCO, GRCO, HRCO, MQCO, TNCO, WTCO, WLCO  
    Illinois Bundle Flower Desmanthus illinoensis shrub - Bundle seeds (0), NPN PMNAS NPS-H Jul, Aug white, yellow full med, med-dry, dry 1-3' D butterflies DEIL;
BONAP
BZCO, CHCO, GRCO, HRCO, MGCO, MQCO, SJCO, WTCO, WHCO  
    Indian Blanket, Blanket Flower, Firewheel Gaillardia pulchella herb - blanket seeds (60) JBNAS BNPHABMBGNPS-CNPS-HMSP April, May, Jun white full, partial, shade med-wet, med, med-dry, dry 1-2' A 6 butterflies & moths, bees GAPU;
BONAP
AUCO, BZCO, BUCO, CHCO, CDCO, GRCO, HRCO, MGCO, MQCO, WTCO, WLCO, WHCO, WHCO 2
    Indian grass "Big Four" Sorghastrum nutans grass seeds (0), NPN PMNAS BNPHABMSPNPS-CNPS-H  Aug, Sep yellow full, partial med, med-dry, dry 3-8' P birds, bees, mammals; host: skipper SONU2;
BONAP
AUCO, BZCO, BUCO, CHCO, GRCO, HRCO, HECO, TNCO, WTCO, WHCO, WHCO  
    Indian Paintbrush Castilleja coccinea Paintbrush seeds (60) PM   May, Jun red full, partial med-wet, med, med-dry 2' A 7 butterflies & moths CACO17
BONAP
none  
    Indian Plantain Arnoglossum ovatum       HABMBGNPS-C Aug, Sep, Oct white, green     10' P 1 butterflies & moths AROV
BONAP
   
    Inland Rush Juncus Interior grass seeds (60) PM   May, Jun, Jul green full wet, med-wet 2' P 6 butterflies & moths JUIN2;
BONAP
AUCO, BZCO, CHCO, FBCO, GRCO,HRCO, HECO, MACO, MGCO, MQCO, WTCO, WHCO, WHCO  
    Inland Sea Oats Chasmanthium latifolium grass seeds (60), division PMNAS BNPGSWHARLSNNPS-HNPS-MMSP Jul, Aug, Sep   partial, shade med-wet, med 3' D 8 butterflies & moths, host: skipper CHLA5
BONAP
AUCO, BZCO, BUCO, CHCO, FBCO, HRCO, HECO, MQCO, SJCO, TNCO, WTCO, WHCO, WHCO 2
    Ivyleaf Thoroughwort LSN, Chromolaena ivifolia                            
    Jimson-Weed, Devil's Trumpet Datura wrightii herb - Jimson   NAS BNP May, Jun, Jul, Aug, Sep, Oct, Nov white full, partial dry 3-6' A host: moth DAWR2
BONAP
BZCO  
    Jointed Flatsedge Cyperus articulatus aquatic Rush     GSW,  Jun, Jul, Aug   partial wet
OBL
  P   CYAR4
BONAP
AUCO, BZCO, BUCO, CHCO, CDCO, FBCO, GRCO, HRCO, MACO, MGCO, WTCO, WHCO  
    Judas Bush Iresine rhizomatosa       NPS-M               IRRH;
 
   
    Juncus Juncus Tenuis       BNP                    
    Kidneywood Eysenhardtia texana shrub seeds, cuttings   BNPHAR, Apr, May, Jun, Jul, Aug, Sep, Oct white full dry   D 2 butterflies & moths; bees, deer, host: dogface EYTE;
BONAP
CDCO, MQCO 3
    Lanceleaf Coreopsis Coreopsis lanceolata herb - coreopsis seeds (30), division, NPN JBPMNAS BNPENF, HARHABMBGMSPNPS-CNPS-H, NPS-MNWR May, Jun, Jul, Aug yellow full, partial, shade med-dry, dry 2' E 6 butterflies & moths, bees COLA5
BONAP
CHCO, GRCO, HRCO, MQCO, TNCO, WTCO, WLCO 11
    Lanceleaf Water Willow Justicia ovata var. lanceolata herb       May, Jun, July, Aug, Sep lavender full, partial wet, OBL 12-18" P   JULA3;
BONAP
BZCO, BUCO, CHCO, CDCO, GRCO,HRCO, MACO, MQCO, SJCO, WTCO, WLCO, WHCO  
    Lanceleaf Frog Fruit Phyla lanceolata groundcover - Frog Fruit seeds (60) PM   Jun, Jul, Aug, Sep pink full wet, med-wet, OBL 2' P   PHLA3;
BONAP
AUCO, CHCO, CDCO, FBCO, HRCO, HECO, MACO  
    Lanceleaf Blanketflower Gaillardia aestivalis herb seeds   BNPHAB Apr, May, Jun, Jul, Aug, Sep, Oct white, pink, yellow, purple     1-3'   bees GAAE;
BONAP
AUCO, BZCO, BUCO, CHCO, CDCO, GRCO, HRCO, HECO, SJCO, WTCO  
    Large yellow Wild Indigo Baptisia sphaerocarpa Indigo seeds (10) PMNAS HABMSPNPS-C Jun, Jul yellow full med, med-dry, dry 3' P 18 butterflies & moths, bees BASP;
BONAP
BZCO, CHCO, CDCO, FBCO, GRCO, HRCO, MACO, MGCO, SJCO, WTCO, WHCO  
    Large-Flowered Beardtongue Penstemon grandiflorus herb - penstemon seeds (30), NPN PM   May, Jun purple full, partial med-dry, dry 2' P 14* butterflies & moths, bees PEGR7;
BONAP
WTCO 12
    Large-Flowered Gaura Gaura longiflora Gaura seeds (60) PM   Jul, Aug, Sep pink full, partial med-wet, med, med-dry, dry     8 butterflies & moths OEFI2;
BONAP
BZCO, CHCO, FBCO, GRCO, HRCO, MACO, MGCO, WTCO, WLCO, WHCO  
    Late Boneset, Thoroughwort Eupatorium serotinum herb - boneset seeds (60), NPN PM NPS-H Aug, Sep, Oct white full, partial med-wet, med, med-dry 1-3'. D 33 butterflies & moths, birds, bees EUSE2;
BONAP
BZCO, CHCO, FBCO, GRCO, HRCO, HECO, MACO, MQCO, WTCO, WLCO, WHCO, WHCO  
    Late Goldenrod Solidago gigantea herb - goldenrod seeds (60) PM   Aug, Sep yellow full, partial, shade wet, med-wet, med 6' P 82 butterflies & moths, bees SOGI;
BONAP
AUCO, BZCO, CHCO, HRCO, MACO  
    Leatherflower, Blue Jasmine Clematis crispa vine seeds (60-1FBCO), cuttings     Mar, Apr, May, Jun, Jul, Aug, Sep white, pink, blue, purple full, partial wet up to 10' D birds, butterflies CLCR
BONAP
BZCO, HRCO, SJCO  
    Leatherwood Cyrilla racemiflora       BNP                    
    Leavenworth's Sedge Carex leavenworthii grass     HABNPS-C May white, green, brown   OBL 2-3' P   CALE6
BONAP
AUCO, BZCO, BUCO, CHCO, FBCO, GRCO, HRCO, HECO, MACO, MGCO, SJCO, WTCO, WHCO, WHCO  
    Lemon Bacopa, Blue Water Hyssop Bacopa caroliniana aquatic - herb     GSW,  May, Jun, Jul, Aug, Sep blue   OBL 3' P  
BONAP
HECO  
    Lemon Beebalm Monarda citriodora herb - beebalm, mint seeds (0) PMNAS BNPHABMBG May, Jun, Jul, Aug pink, purple, white  full, partial med, med-dry, dry 1-2' A 7 butterflies & moths, hummingbirds, bees MOCI;
BONAP
AUCO, BZCO, BUCO, CDCO, GRCO,HRCO, MACO, SJCO, TNCO, WTCO, WLCO, WHCO 7
    Lindheimer's Beebalm Monarda lindheimeri herb - beebalm     HAR, Apr, May, Jun white full dry, moist 3' P 7* butterflies & moths, bees MOLI2;
BONAP
BZCO, HRCO, MACO, WTCO, WLCO  
    Little Bluestem "Big Four" Schizachyrium scoparium grass seeds (0), division PM BNPENGHABHARNPS-HNPS-M Jul, Aug, Sep, Oct green, blue full, partial med, med-dry, dry 3' P 8 butterflies & moths, birds, mammals, bees; host: skippers SCSC;
BONAP
AUCO, BZCO, BUCO, CHCO, CDCO, FBCO, GRCO, HRCO, HECO, MQCO, WTCO, WHCO, WHCO 1
    Live Oak Quercus virginiana tree     BNPNWR              
BONAP
   
    Lizard's Tail Saururus cernuus aquatic division, NPN   BNPGSW, Apr, May, Jun, Jul, Aug white  partial, shade moist, wet 2-4' P birds SACE;
BONAP
AUCO, BZCO, HRCO, MACO, MGCO, MQCO, SJCO, WTCO  
    Loblolly PIne Pinus taeda tree seeds, NPN   BNPNWR All year yellow, brown full, partial dry 60-100'x
12-15'
E 176 butterflies & moths; mammals, birds, birds; host: elfin PITA;
BONAP
AUCO, CHCO, CDCO, GRCO, HRCO, MACO, MQCO, SJCO, WTCO, WHCO  
    Locust Robinia tree                   64 butterflies & moths ROHIH
BONAP*
   
    Long-Awned Bracted Sedge Carex gravida grass seeds (60) PM   May, Jun green, brown full, partial med, med-dry, dry 2'. P . ;
BONAP
HECO  
    Longbract Wild Indigo Baptisia bracteata Indigo seeds (10) PM HAB,   May, Jun cream full, partial med, med-dry, dry 2' P 18 butterflies & moths, bees ;
BONAP
AUCO, BZCO, BUCO, CHCO, CDCO, FBCO, GRCO, HRCO, MQCO, SJCO, WHCO, WHCO  
    Longleaf bluets Houstonia longifolia herb - bluets seeds (0) PM   Jun, Jul white, pink full, partial dry 1-3'. P 1* butterflies & moths HOUST;
BONAP
BZCO, BUCO, CHCO, CDCO, FBCO, GRCO,HRCO, MQCO, SJCO, WTCO, WLCO, WHCO  
    Longleaf Pine         NWR                    
    Longspike Tridens Tridens strictus       HABHARNPS-M   brown       P   TRST2;
BONAP
AUCO, BZCO, BUCO, CHCO, CDCO, GRCO, HRCO, MQCO, SJCO, TNCO, WTCO, WLCO, WHCO  
    Longspur columbine Aquilegia longissima       LSN                    
    Longtorn Paspalum denticulatum grass     HAB,  May, Jun, Jul, Aug, Sep, Oct, Nov Green, Purple, Brown           PADE24;
BONAP
CHCO, FBCO, HRCO, MGCO, WLCO, WHCO  
    Lopseed Phryma leptostachya herb - lopseed seeds (60) PM   Jun, Jul, Aug pink sun, partial, shade wet, med-wet, med 2' P   PHLE5;
BONAP
SJCO, WTCO, WLCO  
    Louisiana Canna Canna glauca       NPS-M               CAGL13;
 
   
    Lyreleaf Sage Salvia lyrata Sage seeds (0), division PM BNPENGHABHAR, MSPNPS-H  May, Jun, Jul blue full, partial med-wet, med 1-2' E 13* butterflies & moths, hummingbirds SALY2;
BONAP
AUCO, BZCO, BUCO, FBCO, GRCO, HRCO, MACO, MQCO, SJCO, WTCO, WLCO, WHCO  
    Maidencane Panicum hemitomon       GSW Apr, May, Jun, Jul, Aug green, brown   wet
OBL
6' P 30 butterflies & moths PAHE2;
BONAP
AUCO, BZCO, BUCO, CHCO, HRCO  
    Marsh Elder Iva annua Elder   NAS   Jul, Aug, Sep, Oct, Nov yellow, green     5' A birds IVAN2;
BONAP
BZCO, CHCO, FBCO, HRCO, MACO, MGCO, SJCO, WTCO, WHCO  
    Marsh St. John's Wort Hypericum virginicum St. John's Wort seeds PM   Jul, Aug, Sept pink full wet, med-wet     13* butterflies & moths TRVI2;
BONAP
HECO  
    Maryland Senna, Wild Senna Senna marilandica Senna seeds JBPM   Jul, Aug yellow full, partial med-wet, med, med-dry   P 14* butterflies & moths, birds, bees SEMA11;
BONAP
BZCO, GRCO, MACO, SJCO, WTCO, WHCO 10
    Maximilian's Sunflower Helianthus maximiliani herb - sunflower seeds (30), cuttings, NPN PMNAS BNPHABHARNPS-CNPS-H Aug, Sept yellow full, partial med-wet, med, med-dry 4-6' P 81 butterflies & moths, birds, bees HEMA2;
BONAP
BZCO, GRCO, HRCO, MQCO, WTCO, WHCO  
    May Apple Podophyllum peltatum herb - may apple seeds (90), division PM   May, Jun white partial, shade med, med-dry 12" P 2 butterflies & moths POPE;
BONAP
CHCO, HRCO, HECO, MQCO, SJCO, WTCO  
  * Mayhaw Crataegus opaca       BNPMBG               6    
    Meadow Beauty Rhexia virginica herb - Beauty seeds (60) PM   Jul, Aug, Sept pink full, partial wet, med-wet 12" P 4 butterflies & moths RHVI;
BONAP
HECO 3
    Meadow Pink Sabatia campestris herb - Meadow Pink seeds     Apr, May, Jun, Jul pink, white full, partial   to 20" A   SACA3;
BONAP
AUCO, BZCO, BUCO, CHCO, FBCO, HRCO, MACO,SJCO, TNCO, WTCO, WLCO, WHCO  
    Mealy Blue Sage Salvia farinacea herb - sage seeds, cuttings NAS BNPENGHAR, MBGNWR Apr, May, Jun, Jul, Aug, Sep, Oct blue full moist 2-3' P 13* butterflies & moths, hummingbirds, bees SAFA2;
BONAP
MACO 11
    Mexican Buckeye Ungnadia speciosa tree seeds   BNPMBG All seasons pink  full, partial dry 10-25' D butterflies, moths, birds, mammals, host: elfin butterfly UNSP;
BONAP
BUCO, GRCO, HRCO 4
    Mexican Feathergreass Nassella tennuissima       ENG,                   4
    Mexican Hat Ratibida columnifera herb - coneflower seeds (30), NPN NASPMNAS BNPENF, HAB, HARMBGNWR May, Jun, Jul, Aug, Sep, Oct yellow full   1.5-3' E, SE 1 butterflies & moths, bees, birds, deer RACO3;
BONAP
AUCO, BZCO, CHCO, HRCO, MACO,  MQCO, SJCO, WLCO, WHCO 1
    Mexican Plum Prunus mexicana tree seeds (60-90), cuttings   BNPHARMBGNPS-H Spring white full, partial   10-20' D 270 butterflies & moths, birds, bees, mammals, fruit; host: swallowtail PRME;
BONAP
BZCO, BUCO, FBCO, GRCO,HRCO, MACO, MGCO, MQCO, SJCO, TNCO, WTCO, WHCO  
    Mexican Water Primrose Ludwigia octovalvus aquatic - shrub     GSW, Jul, Aug, Sep, Oct Yellow Sun, Part Shade wet, OBL 3-6' D butterflies, moths, nectar LUOCO;
BONAP
BZCO, HRCO, 129  
    Missouri Goldenrod Solidago missouriensis Goldenrod seeds (60) PM   Jul, Aug, Sept yellow full med-dry, dry 2'   82 butterflies & moths, bees SOMI2;
BONAP
AUCO, HRCO, WLCO, SJCO  
    Missouri Ironweed Vernonia missurica herb - ironweed     HABHARMBGMSPNPS-C, NPS-HNPS-M Summer- fall purple  full, partial   2-5'' P? A? bees VEMI2;
BONAP
BZCO, HRCO, HECO, MACO, MQCO, SJCO, WTCO 4
    Muscadine Grape Vitus rotundifolia vine       Sep, Oct purple  partial, shade 72-100'   D 78 butterflies & moths, fruit ;
BONAP
BZCO, BUCO, GRCO, HRCO, HECO, MACO, MGCO, TNCO, WTCO  
    Narrow-Leaved Coneflower Echinacea angustifolia herb- coneflower seeds (90), NPN PMNAS   May, Jun, Jul pink full med-dry, dry 2'   1* butterflies & moths, bees ;
BONAP
   
    Narrow-Leaved Obedient Plant, False Dragon Head Physostegia angustifolia herb - obedient seeds (60) PM NPS-M Jun, Jul pink full, partial wet, med-wet, med 5'     PHAN6;
BONAP
BZCO, GRCO, HRCO, MQCO  
    Narrowleaf Silkgrass Pityopsis graminifolia grass seeds, division   HAR, NPS-C Aug, Sep, Oct, Nov yellow partial med   SE butterflies PIGR4;
BONAP
AUCO, BZCO, BUCO, CHCO, CDCO, GRCO,HRCO, MGCO, MQCO, WTCO 2
    New Jersey Tea Ceanothus americanus shrub - tea seeds (60), cuttings PM   Jun, Jul, Aug white full, partial med, med-dry, dry   D butterflies, birds, bees, turkey, quail; host: azure, duskywing CEAM
BONAP
BZCO, HECO, MGCO, WTCO 10
    Nimblewill Muhlenbergia schreberi grass     NPS-M               MUSC    
    Nodding Fescue Festuca subverticillata grass seeds (60) PM   Jun, Jul   partial, shade med-wet, med, med-dry 2' P   FESU3;
BONAP
BUCO  
    Northern Catalpa Catalpa speciosa catalpa seeds, cuttings     Apr, May, Jun white partial moist 100' D 11 butterflies & moths, bees CASPAUCO
BONAP
BZCO, HRCO, MQCO, SJCO, WTCO, WHCO  
    Nutall's Rayless Goldenrod Bigelowia nutalli       LSN                    
    Ohio Spiderwort Tradescantia ohiensis Spiderwort seeds (120), division, NPN PM GSW May, Jun, Jul blue full, partial med-wet, med, med-dry, dry FAC 1-3' P 5 butterflies & moths, bees TROH;
BONAP
BZCO, BUCO, CHCO, MACO, TNCO, WHCO  
    Old Field / Prairie Goldenrod Solidago nemoralis Goldenrod seeds (60) PMNAS   Aug, Sept yellow full, partial med-dry, dry 2' D 82 butterflies & moths, bees, birds SONE;
BONAP
SJCO  
    Orange Coneflower Rudbeckia fulgida herb - coneflower seeds (60) PM   Jul, Aug, Sept orange full, partial med-wet, med, med-dry 3' P 14* butterflies & moths, bees RUFU2;
BONAP
SJCO, WTCO 12
    Osage Orange, Bois d'Arc Maclura pomifera tree     BNP Apr, May, Jun green full, partial dry 20-40' D birds MAPO;
BONAP
AUCO, BZCO, BUCO, CHCO, CDCO, GRCO, HRCO, MACO, WTCO, WHCO, WHCO  
    Pale Dock Rumex altissimus grass seeds (0) PM   Jun, Jul, Aug   full, partial med-wet, med 3'     RUAL4;
BONAP
BZCO, BUCO, MGCO, WHCO  
    Pale purple Coneflower Echinacea pallida herb - coneflower seeds (90), division, NPN PM   Jun, Jul pink full, partial med, med-dry, dry 2-4' SE 1* butterflies & moths, bees ECSA;
BONAP
BZCO, GRCO, HRCO, HECO, MQCO, SJCO, TNCO, WTCO  
    Pale Spiked Lobelia Lobelia spicata Lobelia seeds (60) PM   May, Jun, Jul, Aug purple full, partial med-wet, med, med-dry 1-3'   4* butterflies & moths, hummingbirds LOSP;
BONAP
HRCO, MQCO, SJCO, TNCO, WTCO  
    Paloverde, Jerusalem Thorn, Retama Parkinsonia aculeata       BNPNPS-M               PAAC3;    
    Panicled False Indigo Amorpha paniculata       NPS-M                    
    Panicled Tick Trefoil Desmodium paniculatum herb - trefoil seeds (0) PM   Jul, Aug, Sept pink partial, shade med-wet, med, med-dry, dry   P birds DEPA6;
BONAP
BZCO, CHCO, CDCO, GRCO, HRCO, HECO, MACO, MGCO, MQCO, SJCO, WTCO, WLCO, WHCO  
    Parlin's Pussytoes Antennaria parlinii Pussytoes seeds (60) PM   April. May, Jun white full, partial med, med-dry, dry 12" P 3 butterflies & moths ANPA9
BONAP
AUCO, BZCO, BUCO, GRCO, HECO, MQCO, WTCO  
    Parsley Hawthorn Crataegus marshallii tree seeds   BNPHARNPS-HNWR spring & winter white full, partial   10-25'x12-15'W D 105 butterflies & moths, berries for birds; bees, mammals; leaves look like parsley CRMA5
BONAP
BZCO, BUCO, GRCO, HRCO, HECO, MACO, MGCO, MQCO, SJCO, TNCO, WTCO, WHCO, WHCO 6
    Partridge Pea Chamaecrista fasciculata Pea seeds (10) PMNAS HARLSN Jul, Aug, Sept yellow full, partial med, med-dry, dry 1-3' A 14 butterflies & moths, bees, birds; host: sulphur CHFA2; 
BONAP
AUCO, BZCO, BUCO, CHCO, CDCO, GRCO,HRCO, MACO, MGCO, MQCO, SJCO, WTCO, WHCO, WHCO  
    Path Rush Juncus tenuis grass seeds (60), NPN PM   Jun, Jul, Aug, Sept . full, partial med-wet, med, med-dry, dry 1'. P 6* butterflies & moths JUTE;
BONAP
BZCO, CHCO, FBCO, HRCO, WHCO, WHCO  
    Pawpaw Asimina parviflora tree - shrub- understory seeds, cuttings     Apr, May purple partial   10' D 12 host: zebra swallowtail, pawpaw sphinx, tussock moth ASPA1AUCO
BONAP
CHCO, MQCO, SJCO  
  * Pawpaw Asimina triloba tree - understory seeds   BNPHAR, LNPMBGMGM Apr, May white, red, yellow, purple     40' D 12 butterflies & moths, birds, mammals; host zebra swallowtail, pawpaw shpinx ASTR
BONAP
CHCO 6
    Pecan Carya illinoinensis tree seeds, NPN   BNPHAR, MGM Mar, Apr, May yellow full   50-100' D 189 butterflies & moths, birds, mammals host: hairstreak CAIL2
BONAP
BZCO, BUCO, CDCO, FBCO, MACO, WHCO  
    Persimmon Diospyros virginiana tree - shrub - understory seeds, cuttings, NPN   BNPHAR Apr, May, Jun yellow, green partial, dry     D 48 butterflies & moths, birds, bees, mammals; host: luna moth DIVI5;
BONAP
BZCO,25, CHCO, GRCO, HRCO, MACO, MQCO, SJCO, WTCO, WHCO  
    Pickerelweed Pontederia cordata aquatic - pickerelweed seeds (60) PM GSW, NPS-H Jun, Jul, Aug purple full, partial wet, OBL 3' P 6 butterflies & moths; birds, waterfowl, dragonflies POCO14;
BONAP
CHCO, HRCO, HECO, MACO, MQCO, TNCO, WTCO  
  * Pigeonberry Rivina humilis Pigeonberry seeds, cuttings NAS BNPHAR, MBGNWR Mar, Apr, May, Jun, Jul, Aug, Sep, Oct pink, white full, partial moist 1-1.5' SE birds, fruit RIHU2;
BONAP
AUCO, BZCO, BUCO, HRCO, WHCO 11
    Pincushion Daisy Gaillardia suavis Daisy seeds NAS   Mar, Apr, May red, brown partial dry 1-2' P 6* butterflies & moths, bees GASU;
BONAP
BZCO, BUCO  
    Pineland Milkweed Asclepias obovata Milkweed       May, Jun, Jul, Aug, Sep orange, yellow, green partial, shade dry, moist   P butterflies, bees, host: Monarch ASOB
BONAP
AUCO, BZCO, CHCO  
    Pinewoods/ Blackseed Fingergrass Eustachy petraea grass     HAB   yellow, green, brown     1.5' P   EUPE9;
BONAP
none  
    Pineywoods Dropseed Sporobolus junceus grass     NPS-M                   1
    Pinkweed Persicaria pensylvanica pinkweed seeds (60) PM   Jun, Jul, Aug, Sep, Oct pink partial wet, med-wet, med 4'     POPE2;
BONAP
BZCO, CDCO,,HRCO, WHCO, WHCO  
    Plains Coreopsis, Goldenwave,  Coreopsis tinctoria herb-coreopsis seeds, division NAS BNPHABMBG Jan, Feb, Mar, Apr, May, Jun, Jul, Aug, Sep, Oct, Nov, Dec red, yellow, brown full, partial moist 1-2' A 6* butterflies & moths, bees, birds COTI3
BONAP
AUCO, BZCO, CHCO, CDCO, FBCO, HRCO, MGCO, MQCO, SJCO  
    Plains Lovegrass Eragrostis intermedia grass seed   HAB May, Jun, Jul, Aug, Sep, Oct pink, purple partial dry   P bees ERIN;
BONAP
AUCO, BZCO, BUCO, CDCO, GRCO, HRCO, MGCO, MQCO, WLCO, WHCO, WHCO  
    Plains Oval Sedge Carex brevior grass seeds (60) PM   May, Jun, Jul white, green, brown full, partial, shade med-wet, med, med-dry, dry
OBL
1.5'. P . CABR10
BONAP
BZCO, BUCO, FBCO, GRCO, HRCO, MQCO, SJCO, WTCO, WLCO  
    Pleatleaf Iris Alophia drummondii herb     NPS-C Mar, Apr, May blue partial dry 2' P  
BONAP
BONAP; USDA  
    Possumhaw Holly Ilex decidua shrub - tree - understory seeds (30-60)   BNPHAR, MBG Mar, Apr, May red berries on female full, partial   12-15' D 42 butterflies & moths, birds, mammals, songbirds, fruit ILDE;
BONAP
BZCO, CHCO, CDCO, FBCO, GRCO, HECO, MQCO, SJCO, TNCO, WTCO, WLCO, WHCO  
    Powdery Thalia, Alligator flag Thalia dealbata aquatic     GSW, NPS-H May, Jun, Jul, Aug, Sep, Oct purple         butterflies: skipper THDE;
BONAP
AUCO, BZCO, CHCO, FBCO, GRCO, HRCO, MACO, MGCO, WLCO  
    Prairie / Canada Wild Rye Elymus canadensis grass seeds (0-14), division, NPN PMNAS   Jul, Aug, Sep, Oct yellow, green, brown full, partial med-wet, med, med-dry, dry 5' D 2 butterflies & moths, birds, mammals, seeds, host: skipper ELCA4;
BONAP
BZCO, BUCO, CHCO, GRCO, HRCO, MACO, MQCO, WTCO, WHCO  
    Prairie Blazing Star, Gayfeather Blazing Star Liatris pycnostachya Blazing Star seeds (60), NPN PM, NAS BNPENF, HABNPS-C, NPS-HMSP, NWR Jul, Aug, Sept purple full, partial wet, med-wet, med 1-5' P 6* butterflies & moths, bees LIPY;
BONAP
AUCO, CHCO, FBCO, HRCO, HECO, MGCO, MQCO, SJCO, TNCO, WTCO, WHCO 11
    Prairie Blue-Eyed grass Sisyrinchium campestre grass seeds (60) PM   May, Jun blue full, partial med-dry, dry 6" P   SICA9;
BONAP
HRCO, WTCO 3
    Prairie Broomweed Amphiachyris dracunculoides       LSN                    
    Prairie Flame Leaf Sumac Rhus lancelota tree seeds, cuttings, division   BNPHAR Jul, Aug white, yellow, green dry     D 55 butterflies & moths, birds, bees, fruit, host: hairstreak RHLA3;
BONAP
BZCO  
    Prairie False Foxglove Scrophulariaceae       LSN                    
    Prairie Gerardia Agalinis heterophylla Foxglove .     Jun, Jul, Aug, Sep, Oct pink full, partial dry, moist 1-3' A 4 butterflies & moths USDA;
BONAP
   
    Prairie Indian Plantain Arnoglossum plantagineum Plantain seeds (60), NPN PM   May, Jun, Jul, Aug white full med-wet, med 4' P 1 butterflies & moths, insects ARPL4
BONAP
BZCO, GRCO, HRCO, MACO, MGCO, MQCO, SJCO, WTCO, WHCO  
    Prairie Nymph Herbertia lahue herb - nymph seeds BNPNAS BNPMBG Mar, Apr, May blue, purple partial dry 2" P bees HELA6;
BONAP
AUCO, BZCO, FBCO, GRCO, HRCO, WHCO, WHCO  
    Prairie Onion Allium stellatum herb - onion seed (60), bulb division PM   Jul, Aug purple full, partial med, med-dry, dry 14" P butterflies ALST
BONAP
BZCO  
    Prairie Paintbrush Castilleja purpurea Paintbrush seeds NAS   Apr, May, Jun red, pink, orange, yellow, purple full dry   D 7* butterflies & moths CAPU11
BONAP
MACO  
    Prairie Parsley Polytaenia nuttallii herb - parsley seeds (120) PMNAS   Jun yellow full, partial med-wet, med, med-dry, dry 1-2'   butterflies, host: swallowtail PONU4;
BONAP
AUCO, BZCO, GRCO, HRCO, HECO, MACO, TNCO, WTCO, WHCO  
    Prairie Phlox Phlox pilosa Phlox seeds (60), cuttings PM, NAS   May, Jun, Jul pink full, partial med-wet, med, med-dry, dry 2' P 7 butterflies & moths, bees PHPI;
BONAP
CHCO, GRCO, HRCO, HECO, MQCO, SJCO, TNCO, WTCO  
    Prairie Ragwort Packera plattensis herb - ragwort seeds (60) PM   May, Jun, Jul yellow full, partial med, med-dry, dry     1 butterflies & moths PAPL12;
BONAP
BZCO, BUCO  
    Prairie Sage Artemisia ludoviciana subshrub - Sage seeds (30), division, NPN PM   Jul, Aug, Sept green full, partial med, med-dry, dry 3' SE 26 butterflies & moths, bees ARLU
BONAP
BZCO, GRCO, MACO, MQCO  
    Prairie Verbena Glandularia bipinnatifida       ENG                    
    Prairie Spiderwort Tradescantia occidentalis herb-spiderwort seeds (120) PMNAS HABENGNPS-C, NPS-H May, Jun, Jul blue full med, med-dry, dry 1' P 5 butterflies & moths, bees TROC;
BONAP
AUCO, BZCO, BUCO, CHCO  
    Prairie Wedgegrass Sphenopholis obtusata grass seeds (0) PM NPS-C Jun, Jul, Aug green full, partial med-wet, med, med-dry 3' A   SPOB;
BONAP
BZCO, BUCO, CHCO, FBCO, HRCO, HECO, MACO, MGCO,TNCO, WTCO, WHCO  
    Prairie Willow Salix humilis shrub - tree seeds, cuttings PM   April, May white, yellow, green, purple, brown full, partial med, med-dry, dry up to 8' D 229 butterflies & moths, birds, mammals, bees; host: comma SALIX;
BONAP
AUCO, BZCO, BUCO, CHCO, CDCO, FBCO, HRCO, MACO, MGCO, MQCO, WTCO, WHCO  
    Prickly Poppy Argemone polyanthemos herb - poppy seeds PM   May, Jun, Jul, Aug, Sept white full med-wet, med, med-dry, dry 3' A butterflies, bees, beetles ARPO2
BONAP
BZCO, BUCO, CDCO, MACO, WHCO  
    Purple Coneflower Echinacea purpurea herb- coneflower seeds (0) JBPMNAS BNPENF, ENGHARLNPMBGNPS-CNWR Jul, Aug, Sept purple full, partial med-wet, med, med-dry 2-5' P 1* butterflies & moths, hummingbirds, bees ECPU;
BONAP
none 1
    Purple False Foxglove Agalinis purpurea       NPS-M               AGPU5    
    Purple Leather Flower Clematis pitcheri Vine seed, cuttings NAS LSN Mar, Apr, May, Jun, Jul, Aug, Sep, Oct purple full, partial moist   D 14 butterflies & moths, birds CLPI
BONAP
AUCO, BZCO, BUCO, CDCO, GRCO, HRCO, WLCO, WHCO  
    Purple Locoweed Oxytropis lambertii herb locoweed seeds (0), NPN PM   April, May, Jun purple full med-dry, dry   P   OXLA3;
BONAP
WHCO  
    Purple Lovegrass Eragrostis spectabilis grass seeds (0), division PM   Jul, Aug red, purple  full, partial dry 8"-18" D 2 butterflies & moths ERSP;
BONAP
AUCO, BZCO, BUCO, CDCO, FBCO, GRCO, HRCO, HECO, MACO, MQCO, WTCO 4
    Purple Meadow Rue Thalictrum dasycarpum aquatic - Rue seeds (60) PM   Jun, Jul cream full, partial med-wet, med 6' P 3 butterflies & moths THDA;
BONAP
BZCO, FBCO, MGCO  
    Purple Milkweed Vine Matelea biflora vine - Milkweed vine   NAS BNP Mar, Apr, May, Jun purple, brown full, partial dry 2-3' P 1 butterfly & moth ;
BONAP
none  
    Purple Nightshade Solanum elaeagnifolium herb - nightshade seeds NAS   Apr, May, Jun, Jul, Aug, Sep, Oct white, purple full dry   D   SOEL;
BONAP
BZCO, BUCO, CHCO, CDCO, GRCO, HRCO, MACO, WLCO  
    Purple Passion Vine, Maypop Passiflora incarnata vine seeds (60), cucttings JBPM BNPENG, HABLNPMBGNPS-C Jun, Jul, Aug, Sep, Oct purple full, partial med-wet, med, med-dry 25' D 14 butterflies & moths; birds, fruit, host: fritillary,  longwing, hairstreak+ PAIN6;
BONAP
BZCO, BUCO, MACO, MGCO, WLCO 10
    Purple-Headed Sneezeweed Helenium flexuosum Sneezeweed seeds (0) PM NPS-C Jun, Jul, Aug yellow full, partial wet, med-wet, med   P 6 butterflies & moths, bees HEFL;
BONAP
AUCO, CHCO, CDCO, HRCO, MACO, MQCO  
  * Purple Skullcap Scutellaria wrightii       BNP         6-10" E       2
    Purpletop Tridens flavus grass seeds (60), NPN PMNAS HABMSPNPS-H Aug, Sep, Oct purple full, partial med-dry, dry 4' P butterflies, host: skipper, skipper, nymph TRFL2;
BONAP
AUCO, BZCO, BUCO, CHCO, GRCO, HRCO, HECO, MACO, MQCO, TNCO, WTCO  
    Rain Lily Cooperia pedunculata herb - lily seeds, division NAS NWR Mar, Apr, May, Jun, Jul, Aug white full moist <1' P 2 butterflies & moths COPE
BONAP
BZCO, MQCO, WHCO  
    Rattlebox Crotalaria sagittalis herb -Rattlebox seeds (0) PM   Jul, Aug, Sept yellow full med-dry, dry 16" A, P 10 butterflies & moths CRSA4
BONAP
AUCO, BZCO, CHCO, GRCO, HECO, MQCO, SJCO, TNCO, WTCO  
    Rattlebush Sesbania drummondii       NPS-M                    
    Rattlesnake Master Eryngium yuccifolium aquatic - herb seeds (60), NPN PMNAS BNPHABHARNPS-CNPS-H Jul, Aug, Sept white full med-wet, med, med-dry 3-6' E 4* butterflies & moths, bees ERYU;
BONAP
AUCO, BZCO, CHCO, FBCO, HRCO, MACO, SJCO, TNCO, WTCO, WHCO, WHCO  
    Red Bay Persea borbonia tree seeds   BNPMBGNWR May, Jun Yellow full, partial moist 12-40' E birds, fruit, host: swallowtail PEBO;
BONAP
HRCO, SJCO, WLCO 3
    Red Lovegrass Eragrostis secundiflora grass     HAB,  Jul, Aug, Sep, Oct, Nov green, purple, brown     30" P   ERSE;
BONAP
BZCO, BUCO, CHCO, GRCO, HRCO, HECO, MACO, MGCO, MQCO, TNCO, WTCO, WLCO  
    Red Milkweed Asclepias rubra milkweed       May, Jun, Jul, Aug red, pink, purple full, partial moist, wet   P butterflies, bees; host; monarch ASRU
BONAP
HECO  
    Red Mulberry Morus rubra tree - understory     BNP Mar, Apr, May, Jun, Jul, Aug white, red, green, brown full, partial, shade dry, moist 35-40' D butterflies, fruit, host: mourning cloak MORU2;
BONAP
BZCO, CDCO, FBCO, GRCO, HRCO, MACO, MGCO, TNCO, WTCO  
    Redring Milkweed Asclepias variegata milkweed       May, Jun, Jul white, purple full, partial dry   P bees
BONAP
SJCO, WTCO  
    Rice Cut Grass Leersia oryzoides grass seeds (30) PM   Jun, Jul, Aug, Sep, Oct green full, partial wet, med-wet 4'.   butterflies, birds; host: skipper LEOR;
BONAP
BZCO, HRCO, MQCO, WTCO  
    Rio Grande Butterflybush Buddleja sessiliflora       LSN                    
    River Birch Betula nigrad tree seeds(30-60), cuttings   BNPNWR Feb, Mar green, brown full, partial moist 30-50' D birds, mammals, seeds BENI;
BONAP
BZCO, HECO, SJCO, WTCO  
    Robin's Plantain Erigeron pulchellus herb - plantain seeds (60), division PM   May, Jun white full, partial med-dry, dry 1-3' P 18* butterflies & moths ERPHP;
BONAP
BZCO, BUCO, GRCO, HRCO, WTCO, WHCO  
    Rock Rose Pavonia lasiopetala       ENF, ENG,                    
    Rose Mallow, Halberdleaf  Hibiscus laevis shrub - mallow seeds (60) PM BNPHAR Jul, Aug, Sept pink or white full, partial wet, med-wet 5-6' D 38 butterflies & moths HILA2;
BONAP
BZCO, CHCO, CDCO, GRCO, HRCO, HECO, MACO, MQCO 10
    Rosinweed Silphium radula herb     HABMBGNPS-H Jun, Jul, Aug yellow full     P butterflies, bees SIRA2;
BONAP
AUCO, BZCO, GRCO, HRCO, WLCO, WHCO  
    Rosy Camphorweed Pluchea rosea herb     HAB Jun, Jul red, pink, purple       P   PLRO;
BONAP
CHCO, HRCO  
    Rough Coneflower Rudbeckia grandiflora grass     HABHARNPS-CNPS-H           P 14* butterflies & moths, bees RUGR;
BONAP
AUCO, BZCO, CHCO, HRCO, MACO, MQCO, SJCO, TNCO, WTCO, WHCO  
    Rough Dropseed, Tall Dropseed Sporobolus compositus grass seeds (0) PM, NAS   Aug, Sep, Oct   full med, med-dry, dry 3'   3* butterflies & moths, bees SPCO16;
BONAP
BZCO, BUCO, CHCO, FBCO, GRCO, HRCO, HECO, MACO, MQCO, TNCO, WTCO,WHCO, WHCO  
    Roughleaf Dogwood Cornus drummondii tree seeds, cuttings, NPN   BNPHABHARMBGNPS-HNPS-MNWR Apr, May, Jun, Jul white partial, shade dry, moist 20' x6-15'W D 79 butterflies & moths, berries eaten by 40 species of birds; bees, fruit CODR
BONAP
BZCO, BUCO, CHCO, FBCO, GRCO, HRCO, MGCO, MQCO, SJCO, TNCO, WTCO, WHCO, WHCO 7
    Royal Fern Osmunda regalis host division, NPN     Feb-Dec green partial, shade moist, wet 3-6' D   OSRE;
BONAP
CHCO, GRCO, HRCO, HECO, MQCO, SJCO, WTCO  
    Rue Anemone Thalictrum thalictroides herb - anemone seeds (90), division PM   April, May, Jun pink partial, shade med, med-dry 6" P . THTH2;
BONAP
   
    Rufous Bulrush Scirpus pendulus grass seeds (60) PM   May, Jun, Jul red full, partial wet, med-wet, med 4' P   SCPE4;
BONAP
GRCO, SJCO, WTCO  
    Rusty Blackhaw Viburnum  Viburnum rufidulum tree - understory seeds, cuttings   BNP Spring and Fall white full, partial   12-40' D 67 butterflies & moths, birds, bees, mammals, fruit VIRU;
BONAP
AUCO, BZCO, CHCO, GRCO, HRCO, HECO, MACO, MGCO, MQCO, SJCO, TNCO, WTCO, WHCO, WHCO  
    Sallow Sedge Carex lurida grass seeds (60) PM   May, Jun, Jul, Aug white, green, brown full, partial, shade wet, med-wet 3'. P birds CALU5;
BONAP
AUCO, HECO, MQCO, SJCO, WTCO, WLCO  
    Salt Marsh Mallow Kosteletzkya virginica shrub - aquatic, hibiscus seeds, cuttings   BNPGSW, MSPNPS-H Jun, Jul, Aug, Sep, Oct   full, partial moist,
OBL
3-5' D butterflies, hummingbirds KOVI;
BONAP
BZCO, CHCO, HRCO  
    Salt Meadow Cordgrass Spartina patens grass     BNPGSW Apr, May yellow wet FACW 1-3' P birds SPPA;
BONAP
CHCO, HRCO, MGCO  
    Sampson's Snakeroot Orbexilum pedunculatum Snakeroot seeds (10) PM BNP May, Jun, Jul purple full, partial med, med-dry, dry 1-3' P   ORPE;
BONAP
AUCO, BZCO, HRCO, MACO, WTCO  
    Sand Bracted Sedge Carex muehlenbergii grass seeds (60) PM   May, Jun, Jul white, green full, partial dry 2' P . CAMU4
BONAP
BZCO, CHCO, HECO, TNCO, WHCO  
    Sand Dropseed Sporobolus cryptandrus grass seeds (0), NPN PMNAS   Jul, Aug, Sep, Oct yellow full med, med-dry, dry 3' P 3* butterflies & moths, bees SPCR
BONAP
AUCO, BZCO, BUCO, GRCO, MACO, WHCO  
    Sand Love grass Eragrostis trichodes grass seeds (0) PMNAS   Jul, Aug, Sep, Oct yellow full med-dry, dry 3' P 2* butterflies & moths ERTR3;
BONAP
BZCO, HECO  
    Sanguine Purple Coneflower Echinacea sanguinea herb - coneflower     HARNPS-H Apr, Jun, Jul rose-pink full, partial moist 3' P bees ECSA;
BONAP
BZCO, GRCO, HRCO, HECO, MQCO, SJCO, TNCO, WTCO  
    Sassafras Sassafras albidum tree  seeds, cuttings, NPN   ARGBNPHAR, NWR Mar, Apr, May yellow, green, brown full, partial, shade moist 15-20' D 25 butterflies, moths; birds, fruit, host: swallowtail SAAL5;
BONAP
HRCO, HECO, MACO, MQCO, TNCO, WTCO  
    Savannah Panic Phanopyrum gymnocarpon grass     GSW Jan, Feb, Mar, Apr, May, Jun, Jul, Aug, Sep, Oct, Nov, Dec Green, Brown   wet, OBL 4' P   PHGY2;
BONAP
AUCO, BZCO, BUCO, CHCO, CDCO, HRCO, MQCO, SJCO, TNCO,  
    Sawtooth sunflower Helianthus grosseserratus herb - sunflower seeds (30) PM NPS-M Aug, Sep, Oct yellow full, partial med-wet, med, med-dry     81 butterflies & moths, birds, songbirds, rodents, bees, seeds, host: checkerspot HEGR4;
BONAP
BZCO, GRCO, MACO, MQCO, WTCO  
    Scaly Blazing Star Liatris squarrosa herb - Blazing Star seeds (60), NPN PM LSN   Jul, Aug, Sept purple full, partial med-dry, dry 1-3' P 6 butterflies & moths, bees LISQ;
BONAP
AUCO, BZCO, CHCO, GRCO, HRCO, MACO, SJCO, TNCO, WTCO, WLCO, WHCO  
    Scarlet Buckeye, Red Buckeye, Firecracker Plant Aesculus pavia tree - shrub cuttings, seeds   BNPHABHAR, LSNMBGMSPNPS-H  Mar, Apr, May red partial Dry, Moist 10-20' D butterflies, hummingbirds, bees, nuts AEPAP
BONAP
AUCO, BUCO, CDCO, FBCO, GRCO, HECO, MGCO, WHCO 11
    Scarlet Gaura Gaura coccinea Gaura seeds (60) PM   May, Jun, Jul, Aug pink full med-dry, dry     8* butterflies & moths ;
BONAP
none  
    Scarlet Toothcup Ammannia coccinea herb - toothcup seeds (0) PM   May, Jun, Jul, Aug, Sep, Oct, Nov pink, purple partial wet, med-wet 2' A   AMCO
BONAP
BZCO, BUCO, HRCO, WTCO, WHCO  
    Seaside Goldenrod Solidago sempervirens herb- goldenrod NPN   HABMSPNPS-H Aug-Oct yellow  full moist 2-8' P 82 butterflies & moths, birds, bees SOSE;
BONAP
AUCO, CHCO, CDCO, FBCO HRCO, MGCO  
    Seedbox Ludwigia alternifolia herb-seedbox seeds (60) PM   May, Jun, Jul, Aug, Sep yellow full med-wet
OBL
  P 9 butterflies & moths LUAL2;
BONAP
BZCO, HRCO, HECO, MGCO  
    Seep Muhly Muhlenbergia reverchonii grass     NPS-M                    
    Selfheal Prunella vulgaris herb- selfheal     HARNPS-HMSP May, Jun, Jul, Aug, Sep white, purple full, partial Moist 20" P butterflies, bees; host sulphur PRVU;
BONAP
BZCO, GRCO, MACO, MQCO, TNCO, WTCO  
    Serviceberry Amelanchier arborea                            
    Sessile-Leaf Tick Trefoil Desmodium sessilifolium herb - trefoil seeds (0) PM   Jul, Aug, Sept purple full, partial med-dry, dry   P   DESE;
BONAP
BZCO, BUCO, CDCO, MACO, MQCO, 23AUCO  
    Sharp Blazing Star, Gayfeather Liatris acidota herb - Blazing Star     HABMSPNPS-CNPS-H Jul-Sep purple  full moist 2-3' D 6* butterflies & moths, bees ;
BONAP
AUCO, BZCO, CHCO, CDCO, HRCO, MGCO, MQCO, SJCO, TNCO, WTCO, WLCO,  
    Shining Bur Sedge Carex intumescens grass seeds (60) PM   Apr, May, Jun, Jul white, green, brown full, partial, shade wet, med-wet, med 2'. P . CAIN12
BONAP
HRCO, SJCO, 2AUCOAUCO, WHCO  
    Shining Sumac, Winged Sumac, Flameleaf Sumac Rhus copallinum shrub - tree seed, cuttings     Jul, Aug yellow, green full, partial Dry 10-20' D 55 butterflies & moths, birds, bees RHCO;
BONAP
BZCO, CHCO, HRCO, HECO, MQCO, SJCO, WTCO  
    Shoreline Sedge Carex hyalinolepis grass seeds   GSW Apr, May, Jun, Jul green partial, shade moist, wet, OBL 1-4' P   CAHY3
BONAP
BZCO, CHCO, MACO  
    Showy Beardtongue /
Prairie Penstemon
Penstemon cobaea herb - penstemon seeds (30) PM   May, Jun, Jul purple full, partial med-dry, dry 2' P 14* butterflies & moths, hummingbirds, bees; host: checkerspot PECO4;
BONAP
BZCO, BUCO, GRCO, MQCO, WHCO 9
    Showy Evening Primrose Oenothera speciosa herb seeds, division, cuttings NAS BNPHAR Mar-July pink-white  full, partial dry, moist 1-2' SE 22 butterflies & moths, birds, mammals,bees OESP2;
BONAP
BUCO, CHCO, CDCO, GRCO, HRCO, HECO, MACO, MQCO, TNCO, WLCO, WHCO, WHCO  
    Showy Goldenrod Solidago speciosa herb - goldenrod seeds (60) JBPM HAB,  Sep, Oct, Nov yellow full, partial med, med-dry, dry 3-6'   82 butterflies & moths, birds, bees SOSP2;
BONAP
  12
    Showy Sunflower Helianthus pauciflorus herb - sunflower seeds (30) PM   Jul, Aug, Sept yellow full, partial med-dry, dry 1-3'   81 butterflies & moths, bees HEPA19;
BONAP
HRCO  
    Showy Tick Trefoil Desmodium canadense herb - trefoil seeds (0) PM   Jul, Aug purple full, partial med-wet, med, med-dry 3-6' P butterflies, bees, hummingbirds; host: skipper, hoary edge+ DECA7;
BONAP
BZCO, HECO, MACO, MQCO, SJCO, WTCO  
    Shumard Red Oak Quercus shumardii tree seeds   BNPMBG Mar, Apr, May white, green full, partial Dry, Moist 50-90' D 468 butterflies & moths; birds, mammals, fruit, host: duskywing QUSH;
BONAP
BZCO, BUCO, FBCO, HRCO, WTCO  
    Sideoats Grama Bouteloua curtipendula grass seeds (0), division, NPN PMNAS BNPHAB Jun, Jul, Aug, Sep, Oct, Nov red, orange, yellow full, partial med, med-dry, dry 2' P butterflies, bees, birds, host: skipper BOCU
BONAP
AUCO, BZCO, BUCO, GRCO, HRCO, SJCO, WTCO,  WHCO, WHCO 7
    Silky Aster Symphyotrichum sericeum herb - aster seeds (60) PM   Sep, Oct purple full, partial med-wet, med, med-dry, dry 12" P 7* butterflies, insects, host: crescent SYSE2;
BONAP
GRCO, HRCO  
    Silky Prairie Clover Dalea villosa subshrub, clover seeds (0) PM   Jul, Aug white, pink, purple full, partial dry 2" P 3 butterflies & moths, bees DAVI
BONAP
BZCO, 100, MQCO  
    Silver Bluestem Bothriochloa laguroides grass     LSNNPS-H May, Jun, Jul, Aug, Sep, Oct, Nov white       P   BOLA2
BONAP
BONAP; USDA 1
    Silveus' Dropseed Sporobolus silveanus grass     HAB           P   SPSI2;
BONAP
BZCO, HRCO  
    Skeleton Leaf Goldeneye Viguiera stenoloba       ENG,                   8
    Sky Blue Aster Symphyotrichum oolentangiense herb - aster seeds (0), cuttings PM   Aug, Sep, Oct blue full, partial, shade med, med-dry, dry 3' P 7* butterflies & moths, bees SYOO;
BONAP
HRCO, HECO, MACO, SJCO, WTCO  
    Sleepy Daisy Xanthisma texanum herb - daisy seeds NAS   Apr, May, Jun, Jul, Aug, Sep, Oct, Nov, Dec yellow partial   3' A   XATE;
BONAP
BZCO, BUCO, HRCO, MACO, MQCO, WHCO  
    Slender Grama Bouteloua repens grass     LSNNPS-M                    
    Slender Mountain Mint Pycnanthemum tenuifolium herb - mountain mint seeds (0), division, cuttings PM, NAS HABNPS-H Jun, Jul, Aug, Sept white full, partial med-wet, med, med-dry 2' P 3* butterflies & moths, birds, bees, seeds PYTE;
BONAP
AUCO, CHCO, CDCO, HRCO, WTCO  
    Slender Rosinweed Silphium gracile herb - rosinweed     NPS-C Jun, Jul, Aug yellow full, partial dry, moist   D 2* butterflies & moths SIGR4;
BONAP
AUCO, CHCO, CDCO, FBCO, 120, SJCO, WTCO  
    Slender Sedge Carex leptalea grass seeds (60) PM   Apr, May, Jun, Jul white, green, brown full, partial, shade wet, med-wet 2'. P .
BONAP
SJCO, WTCO  
    Slender Woodoats Chasmanthium laxum grass     HABLSNNPS-C Jan, Feb, Mar, Apr, May, Jun, Jul, Aug, Sep, Oct, Nov, Dec green, brown     5'     CHLA6
BONAP
BZCO, CHCO, HRCO, MQCO, SJCO, TNCO, WTCO 1
    Slim Milkweed Asclepias linearis Milkweed     HABMSP May, Jun, Jul, Aug, Sep, Oct, Nov white, green     20"   22 butterflies & moths, bees ASLI
BONAP
CHCO  
    Slimleaft Milkweed, Narrowleaft Milkweed Asclepias stenophylla Milkweed seeds     Jun, Jul, Aug white, yellow, green full dry 40"   butterflies, bees, host: monarch ASST
BONAP
HRCO  
    Small Skullcap Scutellaria leonardii Skullcap seeds (60) PM   May, Jun purple full, partial med-dry, dry 4"     SCPAM;
BONAP
WTCO, 23AUCO  
    Small Wild Bean Strophostyles leiosperma vine  seeds (30) PM   Aug, Sept pink full med, med-dry, dry 6' A 5 butterflies & moths STLE6
BONAP
BZCO,  GRCO, MQCO, WTCO, WHCO  
    Small-Flower Fame Flower Talinum parviflorum Fame seeds PM   May, Jun, Jul, Aug pink full dry 9"     PHPA29
BONAP
BZCO  
    Smallhead Doll's Daisy Boltonia diffusa       LSN                    
    Smallspike False Nettle Boehmeria cylindrica herb - nettle seeds JBPM   Jun, Jul, Aug, Sep, Oct yellow full, partial, shade med-wet, med   P host: radmiral, comma BOCY;
BONAP
CDCO, HRCO, HECO, MACO, SJCO  
    Smooth Alder Alnus serrulata       LSN                    
    Smooth Hedgenettle Stachys tenuifolia herb - hedgenettle seeds PM   Jun, Jul, Aug pink, white partial med-wet, med 3' P   STTE
BONAP
HRCO, MGCO  
    Smooth Wild Petunia Ruellia strepens herb - petunia seeds (60) PM   May, Jun, Jul, Aug, Sept purple full, partial, shade med-wet, med 3'   6 butterflies & moths RUST2;
BONAP
AUCO, BZCO FBCO, HRCO, MQCO, WTCO, WLCO, WHCO 10
    Smooth Yellow Violet Viola pubescens herb - violet seeds (60) PM   April, May, Jun orange, yellow partial med-wet, med 6" P 20* butterflies & moths VIPU3;
BONAP
none  
    Snake Herb Dyschoriste linearis       BNPENGNPS-M, NWR               DYLI;
 
   
    Soapberry Sapindus saponaria tree seeds, cuttings     May, Jun white full, partial   50' D 9 butterflies & moths, birds, host: hairstreak SASAD
BONAP
BUCO, FBCO, HRCO, MACO, WLCO  
    Soapweed Yucca glauca shrub seeds, cuttings, NPN PM BNP May, Jun white full med, med-dry, dry 3' E butterflies, bees, host: moth YUGL;
BONAP
AUCO, BZCO, CHCO, GRCO, HRCO, HECO, SJCO, WTCO, WHCO  
    Soft Green Eyes Berlandiera pumila       LSN                    
    Soft Golden Aster Chrysopsis pilosa       LSN                    
    Southern Dewberry, Rubus trivialis herb     HAR, Mar, Apr white full, partial dry moist 2' P 100 butterflies & moths, birds, bees, mammals, fruit RUTR;
BONAP
BZCO, BUCO, FBCO, HRCO, MQCO, TNCO, WHCO  
    Southern Blue Flag Iris virginica aquatic Iris seeds (120) PM GSW, NPS-H May, Jun, Jul purple full, partial wet, OBL 1-3' P   IRVIS;
BONAP
CHCO, HRCO, HECO, MACO, SJCO  
    Southern Crab Apple Malus angustifolia tree cuttings     Feb, Mar, Apr, May pink partial moist 30' D 190 butterflies & moths, bees MAAN3;
BONAP
MQCO  
    Southern Magnolia Magnolia grandiflora       BNP               MAGR4;
 
   
    Speargrass Piptochaetium avenaceum grass       Apr, May, Jun white, green         1 butterfly & moth PIAV;
BONAP
BZCO, CHCO, GRCO, HRCO, MACO, MQCO, SJCO, TNCO, WTCO  
    Spicebush Lindera benzoin shrub seeds, NPN   ARGBNPHARMBGNPS-HNWR Mar, Apr, May white, yellow, green full, partial, shade dry, moist, wet 15' D butterflies, birds, host: swallowtail LIBE3;
BONAP
none  
    Spider Lily Hymenocallis liriosme aquatic - Lily     BNPGSW, HABMSPNPS-H  Feb, Mar, Apr, May, Jul, Aug, Sep white  partial   1-2', D 1 butterfly & moth, birds HYLI;
BONAP
AUCO, BZCO, CHCO, FBCO, GRCO, HRCO, MACO, MGCO, WLCO, WHCO  
    Spider Milkweed Asclepias asperula milkweed     BNP                    
    Spike Rush Eleocharis acicularis grass seeds (60) PM   Apr, May, Jun, Jul, Aug, Sep   full wet, med-wet, OBL 8" A, P 4* butterflies & moths ELAC;
BONAP
   
    Splitbeard bluestem Andropogon ternarius grass seeds, division   HABNPS-C Aug, Sep, Oct, Nov brown full, partial dry 1.5-4' P 22 butterflies & moths, birds, bees, mammals, seeds ANTE2
BONAP
BZCO, CHCO, CDCO, GRCO, HECO, MACO, MGCO, MQCO, TNCO, WTCO, WHCO  
    Spotted Bee Balm Monarda punctata Bee Balm seeds (0) PMNAS HAB Apr, May, Jun, Jul, Aug purple full, partial med-dry, dry 1-3' D 7* butterflies & moths, bees MOPU;
BONAP
AUCO, BZCO, BUCO, CHCO, HRCO, MACO, MQCO, TNCO. WTCO, WHCO 8
    Spring Beauty Claytonia virginica herb seeds PM   Jan, Feb, Mar, Apr, May pink partial wet, med-wet, med     bees CLVI3
BONAP
BZCO, FBCO, GRCO, HECO, MGCO, WHCO  
    Spring Obedient Plant Physostegia intermedia       NWR               PHINAUCO;   9
    Square Stem Spikerush Eleocharis quadrangulata aquatic - rush     GSW Jan, Feb, Jun, Jul, Aug, Sep, Oct, Nov, Dec   full wet
OBL
1-3'     ELQU;
BONAP
BZCO, CHCO, CDCO, HRCO, MQCO, TNCO, WTCO  
    St. Andrew's Cross Hypericum hypericoides subshrub seeds     Jun, Jul, Aug, Sept yellow full, partial dry 1-3' P 13* butterflies & moths HYHY;
BONAP
BZCO, CHCO, CDCO, FBCO, GRCO, HRCO, HECO, MACO, MQCO, SJCO, WTCO, WHCO  
    Standing Cypress Ipomopsis rubra herb - cypress seeds NAS BNPENGHARMBG May, Jun, Jul red, orange, yellow full, partial dry 3-6' B hummingbirds IPRU2;
BONAP
BZCO, BUCO, HRCO, MACO, WHCO 11
    Stiff Goldenrod Oligoneuron rigidum herb - goldenrod seeds (60), divisionNPN PM, NAS   Aug, Sep, Oct yellow full, partial med-wet, med, med-dry, dry     bees OLRI;
BONAP
FBCO, GRCO, HRCO, WTCO  
    Stout Blue-Eyed grass Sisyrinchium angustifolium grass seeds (60); NPN PM HAR, MBG Mar, Apr, May, Jun, Jul blue full, partial med-wet, med, med-dry 1-1.5' E butterflies, bees, turkeys, birds SIAN3;
BONAP
BZCO, CHCO, HRCO 13
    Strawberry Bush  Euonymus americanus shrub cuttings   BNPHARNPS-C Mar, Apr, May, Jun, Jul, Aug green, purple partial, shade moist to 6' D 12 butterflies & moths, fruit EUAM9;
BONAP
MQCO, SJCO, WTCO  
  * Sugar Hackberry Celtis laevigata tree seeds   NWR Feb, Mar, Apr green full, partial dry 30-50' D butterflies, birds, host: hackberry emperor CELA
BONAP
BZCO, BUCO, GRCO, HRCO, MACO, WHCO 2
    Sugarcane Plume Grass Saccharum giganteum grass seeds, division; NPN   GSWHABHAR Aug, Sep, Oct, Nov red, green, brown full moist, wet 10' P   SAGI;
BONAP
HRCO, HECO, MQCO, SJCO, WTCO  
    Supplejack Berchemia scandens vine       Apr, May, Jun green Part shade, shade moist,   D 1 butterfly & moth, fruit BESC
BONAP
BZCO, BUCO, CHCO, GRCO, HRCO, MACO, MGCO, MQCO, SJCO, TNCO, WTCO, WHCO  
    Swamp Chestnut Oak, Basket Oak, Cow Oak  Quercus michauxii tree seeds   BNPHAR, NWRMGM Mar, Apr, May yellow full, partial moist 60-80'x30-50' D 468 butterflies & moths, birds, fruit, mammals; host: duskywing, hairstreak QUMI;
BONAP
MQCO, SJCO  
    Swamp Marigold, Beggarticks, Tickseed sunflower Bidens aristosa herb - marigold seeds (60); NPN PM HABNPS-H Aug, Sep, Oct yellow full, partial wet, med-wet 4' A bees ;
BONAP
AUCO, BUCO, CHCO, FBCO, GRCO, HRCO, MACO, MQCO, WTCO, WLCO  
    Swamp Smartweed Persicaria hydropiperoides aquatic     GSW, Jun, Jul, Aug, Sep, Oct, Nov white, pink, green full   3'     POHY2
BONAP
   
    Swamp Sunflower Helianthus angustifolius aquatic - sunflower seeds (30) PMNAS BNPHABMBG, NC, NPS-HNWR Aug, Sep, Oct yellow full, partial wet, med-wet, med 1-3' P 81 butterflies & moths, birds, bees HEAN2;
BONAP
AUCO, BZCO, CHCO, GRCO, HRCO, HECO, MACO, SJCO, WTCO, WHCO  
    Swamp Thistle Cirsium muticum herb - thistle seeds (30) PM   Jul, Aug, Sep, Oct purple full, partial wet, med-wet, OBL   B moths, bees; host: metalmark CIRSI
BONAP
AUCO, BZCO, CHCO, FBCO, HRCO, HECO, MACO, WTCO, WLCO, WHCO  
    Sweet Everlasting Pseudognaphalium obtusifolium herb - everlasting seeds (60) PM   Jul, Aug, Sept white full med-dry, dry 2' A 4 butterflies & moths PSOB3;
BONAP
BZCO, CHCO, HRCO, HECO,  MQCO, WTCO, WHCO  
    Sweetbay Magnolia Magnolia virginiana tree seedsNPN   BNPHAR, Apr, May, Jun, Jul white full, partial   10-20' SE 19 butterflies & moths, birds, beetles, host: silkmoth MAVI2;
BONAP
BZCO, HRCO, MQCO  
    Sweetgum Liquidambar styraciflua tree seeds, cuttings; NPN   BNPNWR Mar, Apr, May white, green full, partial moist 50-60' D 36 butterflies & moths, birds, mammals LIST2;
BONAP
BZCO, HRCO, MQCO, SJCO, WTCO  
    Sweetleaf Symplocos tinctoria tree       Feb, Mar, Apr, May yellow Part shade wet 45' SE 3 butterflies, birds, insects, host: hairstreak SYTI
BONAP
CHCO, HRCO, MQCO, TNCO  
    Sweetscent Pluchea odorata subshrub     MSPNPS-H Jul, Aug, Sep, Oct pink, purple full, partial, shade moist 1-3' A   PLOD;
BONAP
AUCO, BZCO, BUCO, CHCO, CDCO, GRCO,HRCO, HECO, MACO, MQCO, SJCO, WTCO, WHCO  
    Switchgrass "Big Four" Panicum virgatum grass seeds (0), NPN PMNAS BNPGSWHABNPS-H Jul, Aug, Sept green, brown full, partial med-wet, med, med-dry, dry 4'. P 30 butterflies & moths, birds; host: skipper PAVI2;
BONAP
AUCO, BZCO, CHCO, CDCO, HRCO, HECO, WHCO 3
    Tall Boneset Eupatorium altissimum herb - boneset seeds (60) PM   Aug, Sep, Oct white full, partial med-wet, med, med-dry 5' P 33 butterflies & moths, bees EUAL3;
BONAP
none  
    Tall Coreopsis Coreopsis tripteris herb - coreopsis seeds (60), division PM   Jul, Aug, Sep, Oct yellow full, partial med-wet, med, med-dry 9' P 6* butterflies & moths, birds, bees COTR4
BONAP
HECO 12
    Tall Goldenrod Solidago altissima herb - goldenrod seeds, division   BNPHAR, Sep, Oct, Nov yellow full, partial moist 3-6' P 82 butterflies & moths, birds, bees SOAL6
BONAP
AUCO, BZCO, BUCO, CHCO, GRCO, HRCO, MACO, MQCO, SJCO, WTCO, WHCO, WHCO 9
    Tall Thimbleweed Anemone virginiana       LSN                    
    Tall Thistle Cirsium altissimum herb - thistle seeds (30) JBPM   Jul, Aug, Sep, Oct purple full, partial dry, moist     birds CIAL2
BONAP
HRCO  
    Texas Bluebells Eustoma exaltatum bluebells seeds NAS NC, NPS-M Jun, Jul, Aug, Sep blue full moist 1-3'. A, P, B 2 butterflies & moths EUEXR;
BONAP
GRCO, HRCO, MGCO, MQCO, SJCO, WTCO, WHCO  
    Texas Coneflower Rudbeckia texana coneflower r   HABHARMBG, NC, NPS-H May, Sep, Oct, Nov yellow, green full moist, wet 4-5' E 14* butterflies & moths, songbirds, birds, seeds RUTE4;
BONAP
CHCO, HRCO, SJCO  
    Texas Grama Bouteloua rigidiseta grass seeds NAS HAB, NC,  Apr, May, Jun, Jul, Aug, Sep, Oct, Nov yellow, green, brown full dry <16" P butterflies, birds; host: skppers, satyrs BORI;
BONAP
AUCO, BZCO, BUCO, GRCO, MGCO, SJCO, WTCO, WHCO  
    Texas Greeneyes Berlandiera betonicfolia / texana       ENF, LSN                    
    Texas Ironweed Veronia texana       NPS-M                    
    Texas Spiderwort Tradescantia humilis                           6
    Texas Lantana Lantana urticoides shrub, lantana seeds   BNPENGHARLNPNPS-H, NPS-MNWR Apr, May, Jun, Jul, Aug, Sep, Oct red, orange, yellow full, partial dry 5-6' D 17 butterflies & moths, birds, fruit,  host: sphinx LAUR2;
BONAP
BZCO, BUCO, WLCO, WHCO 8
    Texas Milkweed Asclepia texana       LSN                    
    Texas Mountain Laurel Sophora secundiflora tree - shrub seeds   BNPHAR, LNPNWR Feb, Mar, Apr blue, purple full, partial dry, moist   E butterflies, fruit SOSE3;
BONAP
WHCO  
    Texas Olive Cordia boissieri       ENG,           E        
    Texas Palm Sabal mexicana       NPS-M               SAMEAUCO;
 
   
    Texas Persimmon Diospyros texana tree seeds   BNPMBG Feb, Mar, Apr white, green full, partial dry 10-15' SE 48 butterflies & moths, birds, mammals, fruit; host: hairstreak, elfin DITE3;
BONAP
BZCO, CHCO, GRCO, HRCO 6
    Texas Prairie Parsley Polytaenia texana herb - parsley     MBG Apr, May, Jun yellow, green full dry 2-4' B butterflies; host: swallowtail POTE3;
BONAP
AUCO, BZCO, BUCO, CHCO, GRCO, HRCO, HECO, MACO, MQCO, TNCO, WTCO, WHCO 4
    Texas Primrose (Sundrops) Calylophus berlandieri       ENG               CABE6;   8
  * Texas Sedge Carex texensis       BNP                   2
    Texas Spiderlily Hymenocallis liriosme lily     NPS-M Feb, Mar, Apr, May, Jul, Aug, Sep White       D birds, nectar HYLI;
 
   
                                   
    Texas Star Hibiscus Hibiscus coccineus       BNPMBG                   6
    Texas Sage         BNPENF,                     
    Texas Thistle Cirsium texanum Thistle   NAS   Apr, May, Jun, Jul, Aug white, pink, purple full dry   B butterflies, bees, birds, seeds; host: painted lady CITE2
BONAP
BZCO, HECO, MACO, WLCO, WHCO  
    Texas Wisteria Wisteria frutescens                           10
    Texas Vervain Verbena halei shrub seeds, division   HABNPS-H Mar, Apr, May, Jun blue, purple full dry 1' P butterflies, bees VEHA;
BONAP
BZCO, BUCO, CHCO, CDCO, GRCO, HRCO, MACO, SJCO, TNCO, WTCO, WLCO, WHCO, WHCO  
    Texas Yellow Star Lindheimeri texana herb seeds NAS MBG Mar, Apr, May yellow full dry 1-3' A   LITE3;
BONAP
BZCO, BUCO, CDCO, GRCO, MQCO, WTCO, WHCO  
    Three-Way Sedge Dulichium arundinaceum grass seeds (60) PM   Jul, Aug, Sep, Oct   partial, shade wet, med-wet 3'     DUAR3;
BONAP
HECO, MACO  
    Topeka Purple Coneflower Echinacea atrorubens herb - aster     NPS-M               ECAT    
    Torrey's Rush Juncus torreyi grass seeds (60) PM   Jun, Jul, Aug, Sep, Oct green, brown full med-wet, med 3' P 6* butterflies & moths JUTO;
BONAP
BZCO, HRCO  
    Trailing Wild Bean Strophostyles helvola vine seeds (30) PM   Jul, Aug, Sept pink full med-wet, med, med-dry, dry 8' A 5 butterflies & moths STHE9
BONAP
BZCO, CHCO, FBCO, HRCO, MACO, MQCO, TNCO, WTCO, WHCO  
    Tropical Puff Neptunia pubescens herb      HABNPS-H Mar, Apr, May, Jun, Jul, Aug, Sep, Oct, Nov yellow     6" P   NEPU3;
BONAP
BZCO, CHCO, HRCO, MACO, MGCO, WTCO, WHCO  
    Tropical Sage, Scarlet Sage Salvia coccinea herb - sage  seeds   BNPHARLNPMSP, NC, NPS-HNPS-M Feb, Mar, Apr, May, Jun, Jul, Aug, Sep, Oct red, white, pink full, partial, shade dry, moist 1-3' A, P 13* butterflies & moths, hummingbirds, bees, insects SACO5;
BONAP
BZCO, 2AUCO, HRCO, MACO, WLCO, WHCO 9
    Trumpet Creeper Vine Campsis radicans vine seeds, cuttings; NPN   BNP Jun, Jul, Aug, Sep red, orange, yellow full dry, moist 35' D 8 butterflies & moths; hummingbirds; host: moth CARA2
BONAP
BZCO, BUCO, CHCO, FBCO, GRCO, HRCO, MACO, MQCO, SJCO, TNCO, WTCO, WHCO, WHCO  
    Tuba Milkweed Asclepias tomentosa milkweed       May, Jun white       E bees ASTO
BONAP
HECO  
    Turk's Cap Malvaviscus arboreus shrub seeds NAS BNPENGHARMBGMSP, NC, NPS-HNPS-MNWR Jul, Aug, Sep, Oct, Nov, Dec red partial, shade   3-5' x 2-5'W SE 11 butterflies & moths, fruit MAARD
BONAP
AUCO, BZCO, BUCO, CDCO, GRCO, HRCO, HECO, MQCO, WTCO, WLCO, WHCO, WHCO 1
    Twistleaf Goldenrod Solidago speciosa herb - goldenrod seeds   HABNPS-H Aug, Sep yellow partial moist     82 butterflies & moths, birds, bees SOSP2;
BONAP
AUCO, BZCO, CDCO, HRCO, HECO, MACO, MGCO, WTCO  
    Twistleaf Goldenrod Solidago tortifolia herb     MSP Aug, Sep, Oct, Nov yellow       P 82 butterflies & moths, bees SOTO2;
BONAP
AUCO, CHCO, HRCO, MGCO, WLCO  
    Two-Wing Silverbell Halesia diptera tree - shrub - understory seeds   BNPHARNPS-H Spring & Fall white  partial   10-25' D 8 butterflies & moths HADI3;
BONAP
HRCO, MQCO, SJCO  
    Twoflower Melicgrass Melica mutica grass     HAB,    yellow, green, brown partial dry, moist   P   MEMU;
BONAP
BZCO, BUCO, CHCO, CDCO, GRCO, HRCO, MACO, MGCO, MQCO, SJCO, TNCO, WTCO, WLCO  
    Upright Burhead Echinodorus berteroi herb - burhead seeds PM   Jun, Jul, Aug, Sep, Oct white full wet, med-wet   A 2 butterflies & moths ECBE2;
BONAP
BZCO, BUCO, CHCO, FBCO, HRCO, MGCO, WLCO, WHCO  
    Velvet Panicgrass Dichanthelium scorparium grass     HAB,   May, Jun, Jul, Aug, Sep, Oct green, purple, brown     5'     DISC3;
BONAP
AUCO, BZCO, BUCO, CHCO, HRCO, HECO, MACO, TNCO, WLCO  
    Venus' Looking Glass Triodanis perfoliata Looking Glass seeds (60) PM   May, Jun, Jul, Aug purple full, partial dry 2' A birds TRPE4;
BONAP
BZCO, BUCO, CHCO, CDCO, FBCO, GRCO, HRCO, HECO, MACO, MQCO, SJCO, TNCO, WTCO, WLCO, WHCO, WHCO  
    Violet Ruellia Ruellia nudiflora       HAR,  Apr, May, Jun, Jul, Aug, Sep, Oct purple full, partial, shade dry, moist 1-3' D 6 butterflies & moths; host: buckeye, crescentspot+  RUNU;
BONAP
AUCO, BZCO, BUCO, CDCO, HRCO, MGCO, MQCO, SJCO, WTCO, WLCO, WHCO, WHCO  
    Violet Wood Sorrel Oxalis violacea Violet seeds (60) PM NPS-M April, May, Jun purple full, partial med-dry, dry <1' P 4* butterflies & moths, birds OXVI;
BONAP
AUCO, BZCO, BUCO, CHCO, CDCO, FBCO, GRCO,HRCO, HECO, MACO, MGCO, MQCO, SJCO, TNCO, WTCO, WLCO, WHCO, WHCO  
    Virginia Creeper  Parthenocissus quinquefolia vine seeds   BNPHAR, May-Jun Sep-Nov white, green full, partial, shade   3-40' D butterflies, host: moths PAQU2;
BONAP
BZCO, FBCO, GRCO, MACO, TNCO  
    Virginia Day Lily Commelina virginica       NPS-M               COVI3;
 
   
    Virginia Sweetspire, 
Little Henry
Itea virginica shrub seeds, cuttings   BNPNCNWR Apr, May, Jun white partial, shade moist 3-8' D birds ITVI;
BONAP
MGCO, SJCO 6
    Virginia Wild Rye Elymus virginicus grass seeds (0), NPN PMNAS BNPHAB,   Jul, Aug yellow full, partial, shade wet, med-wet, med 2-3' P 2 butterflies & moths, birds, mammals; host: skippers, satyrs ELVI3;
BONAP
BZCO, CHCO, FBCO, GRCO, HRCO, MACO, MQCO, TNCO, WTCO, WHCO  
    Wafer Ash Ptelea trifoliata tree - shrub seeds (60) PM BNPMBG Mar, Apr, May, Jun, Jul green partial med-dry, dry 20' D butterflies, birds, mammals, fruit, host: swallowtail PTTR;
BONAP
BZCO, CHCO, GRCO, HRCO, WHCO  
    Water Canna Canna glauca herb     GSW Apr, May, Jun, Jul, Aug, Sep, Oct yellow full, partial moist, wet, OBL 5' D butterflies, host: skipper CAGL13
BONAP
14AUCO  
    Water Hemlock Cicuta maculata herb - hemlock seeds (120) PM   Jun, Jul, Aug, Sept white full, partial wet, OBL   B 4 butterflies & moths CIMA2
BONAP
BZCO, HECO, MACO, MGCO, MQCO, WTCO  
    Water Hickory Carya aquatica       BNP                    
    Water Horehound Lycopus americanus aquatic - Horehound seeds (0) PM   Jul, Aug, Sept white full, partial wet, med-wet   P   LYAM;
BONAP
HRCO  
    Water Hyssop Baccopa monnieri       NPS-M                    
    Water Locus Gleditsia aquatica tree         white, green         45 butterflies & moths GLAQ;
BONAP
BZCO, CHCO, GRCO, HRCO, MACO, WLCO, WHCO  
    Water Oak Quercus nigra tree     BNP              
BONAP
   
    Wax Myrtle Morella cerifera shrub seeds, cuttings, NPN   BNP*, ENFENGNWR, NPS-M Mar, Apr green full, partial   8-10' x 6-8'W E butterflies, berries eaten by 4- species of birds birds; host: hairstreak MOCE2;
BONAP
BZCO, CDCO, HRCO, HECO, MACO, MQCO, SJCO, TNCO, WTCO  
    Webberville Sedge Carex perpentata       ENG,                   4
    Western Ironweed, 
Baldwin's Ironweed
Vernonia baldwinii herb - ironweed seeds (60) PM MBGNPS-M Jul, Aug, Sept purple full, partial med, med-dry 3' P 19* butterflies & moths, birds, bees VEBA;
BONAP
GRCO, HRCO HECO, WHCO 6
    Western Soapberry Sapindus drummondii                            
    Western Sunflower Helianthus occidentalis sunflower seeds (30), NPN PM   Jun, Jul, Aug, Sep, Oct, Nov yellow full, partial med, med-dry, dry 3' P 81 butterflies & moths, birds, bees HEOC2;
BONAP
AUCO, CDCO, MGCO, WLCO, WHCO  
    Western Wheatgrass Pascopyrum smithii grass seeds, division, NPN NAS   May, Jun yellow full, partial,     P birds PASM;
BONAP
TNCO  
    Wheat Grass, 
Wild Rye
Elymus, spp.       NPS-M                    
    Weeping Elbow Bush Forestiera angustifolia       BNP                    
    White Beebrush Aloysia grattissima       LSN                    
    White Blue-Eyed Grass Sisyrinchium albidum grass seeds (60) PM   May, Jun blue, white full, partial med-dry, dry 6" P   SIAL3;
BONAP
HECO, MACO  
    White Camass Zigadenus elegans herb - camass seeds (60) PM   May, Jun, Jul, Aug white full, partial, shade med, med-dry, dry 3'     ZIEL2;
BONAP
AUCO, BZCO, 2AUCO, GRCO, HECO, MACO, WHCO  
    White Mistflower Eupatorium mohrii       NPS-M               EUMO4;
BONAP
   
    White Oak Quercus alba tree seeds, NPN   BNPHAR, NWR Mar, Apr, May red, yellow, green, brown full, partial, shade   80-100'x 60-80' D 468 butterflies & moths, birds, host: hairstreak QUAL;
BONAP
BZCO, MQCO, TNCO, WTCO  
    White Prairie Clover Dalea candida subshrub - clover seeds (0), NPN PMNAS NC Jun, Jul, Aug, Sept white full, partial med, med-dry, dry 1-2' D 3* butterflies & moths, birds, bees DADC7
BONAP
BZCO, CDCO, HRCO  
    White Prickly Poppy Argemone albiflora       LSN                    
    White Sagebrush Artemisia ludoviciana       BNPLSN                    
    White Snakeroot Ageratina altissima herb - snakeroot .seeds (60) PM LSN Jul, Aug, Sep, Oct white partial, shade med-wet, med, and med-dry 2' P insects AGAL5
BONAP
   
    White Trout Lily Erythronium albidum herb - lily seeds, division, NPN PM   April, May white shade med-wet, med P     ERAL9;
BONAP
MACO  
    White Vervain Verbena urticifolia herb - vervain seeds (60) PM   Jun, Jul, Aug, Sep, Oct white full, partial, shade med-wet, med 5' P 11* butterflies & moths VEUR;
BONAP
AUCO, BZCO, FBCO  
    White Water Lily Nymphaea odorata aquatic -  lilypad division   GSW, NPS-H Mar, Apr, May, Jun, Jul, Aug, Sep, Oct white full, partial, shade wet 6' deep D birds, bees, waterfowl, mammals, seeds NYOD;
BONAP
AUCO, BZCO, BUCO, CDCO, GRCO, HECO  
    White Wild Indigo Baptisia alba Indigo seeds (10), division, NPN PM   Apr, May, Jun, Jul white full, partial med-wet, med, med-dry, dry 4' P 18* butterflies & moths, bees BAAL
BONAP
BZCO, BUCO, CHCO, FBCO, HRCO, MACO, WTCO  
    White Yarrow, Common Yarrow Achillea millefolium herb - yarrow seeds, NPN JB BNPENF, ENGLNP, NWR Apr, May, Jun, Jul, Aug, Sep white, pink full, partial med, med-dry, dry 1-3' D 10* butterflies & moths, bees, insects ACMI2
BONAP
GRCO, HRCO, MQCO  
    Whiteleaf Mountain Mint Pycnanthemum albescens   seeds, cuttings, division   HAB Jul, Aug, Sep white full, partial     D bees PYAL;
BONAP
BZCO, BUCO, HRCO, MQCO, TNCO, WTCO  
    Whitetop Sedge Rhynchospora colorata grass     GSW Jun, Jul, Aug white full, partial   1-2' P   RHCO7;
BONAP
CHCO, CDCO, GRCO, HRCO, MQCO, WHCO  
  . Whorled Milkweed, Horsetail Milkweed Asclepias verticillata milkweed seeds (30) JBPM HABNPS-M May, Jun, Jul, Aug, Sep white full, partial med, med-dry, dry 2' P 22* butterflies & moths, bees, insects, host: monarch 
BONAP
AUCO, BZCO, BUCO, FBCO, GRCO, HRCO, MACO, TNCO, WTCO, WHCO 12
    Wild Bergamot, Beebalm Monarda fistulosa herb - beebalm seeds (0), division, NPN JBPMNAS BNPENF, MBG May, Jun, Jul, Aug, Sep purple full, partial med-wet, med, med-dry, dry 2-4'   butterflies, birds, hummingbirds, bees MOFI;
BONAP
BZCO, GRCO, MACO, MGCO, WTCO 10
    Wild Black Cherry tree Prunus serotina tree seeds, cuttings     Mar, Apr, May, Jun white full, partial, shade dry, moist   D 270 butterflies & moths, birds, bees; host: swallowtail, viceroy + PRSE2;
BONAP
BZCO, GRCO, HRCO, SJCO, TNCO  
    Wild Four O'Clock Mirabilis nyctaginea herb   JB   Apr, May, Jun, Jul, Aug, Sep, Oct, Nov purple full, partial med, med-dry, dry   D   MINY;
BONAP
HRCO, MACO  
    Wild Hyacinth Camassia scilloides Hyacinth seeds, NPN PM   May, Jun white, blue, purple full, partial med-wet, med, med-dry 7" P butterflies, bees CASC5
BONAP
BZCO  
    Wild Onion Allium canadense       LSN                    
    Wild Petunia Ruellia humilis Petunia seeds (60), cuttings PM   Jun, Jul, Aug purple full med, med-dry, dry 12" D 6* butterflies & moths; host: buckeye RUHU;
BONAP
BZCO, CHCO, FBCO, HRCO, MGCO, MQCO, WTCO, WHCO, WHCO 12
    Wild Texas Petunia Ruellia malacosperma       NPS-M              
BONAP
   
    Wild Yam Dioscorea villosa vine seeds (60) PM   Apr, May, Jun, Jul green partial, shade med-wet, med   P   DIVI4;
BONAP
MACO  
    Willow Aster Symphyotrichum praealtum Aster seeds (60) PM   Sep, Oct blue full, partial wet, med-wet, med 3' P 7* butterflies & moths, bees SYPR5;
BONAP
BZCO, GRCO, HRCO, HECO, WTCO, WHCO, WHCO  
    Willow Oak Quercus phellos tree seeds   BNP Mar, Apr, May yellow full, partial moist 30-60' D 468 butterflies & moths, birds, mammals, host: hairstreak, duskywing, fruit QUPH;
BONAP
BZCO, CHCO, GRCO, HRCO, MACO, MQCO, SJCO  
    Winecup Callirhoe leiocarpa Winecup   NAM   Mar, Apr, May, Jun, Jul, Aug red, pink, purple partial moist 1-3' A 1 butterfly & moth, nectar CALE2
BONAP
GRCO, MACO  
    Winecup, Purple Poppy Mallow Callirhoe involucrata Winecup seeds (30) PM, NAS BNPENG, JNP, LNPMBGNPS-H Mar, Apr,  May, Jun, Jul, Aug purple, white, pink, full med, med-dry, dry 8-12" E 1 butterfly & moth, bees, host: Hairstreak CAIN2;
BONAP
AUCO, BZCO, BUCO, CDCO, FBCO, HRCO, MACO, WLCO, WHCO, WHCO 8
    Wingstem Verbesina alternifolia Wingstem seeds (30) PM   Jul, Aug, Sep, Oct yellow full, partial, shade med-wet, med 18-24"   21* butterflies & moths VEAL;
BONAP
none  
    Witch Hazel Hamamelis virginiana       BNP, LNP                    
    Wood Gray Sedge Carex grisea grass seeds (60) PM   May, Jun red, purple, brown full, partial, shade wet, med-wet, med 2'. P . CAGR24;
BONAP
BZCO, 3AUCO, WTCO  
    Woodland Knotweed Persicaria virginiana Knotweed NPN PM   Jul, Aug, Sep, Oct white partial, shade med-wet, med, med-dry 2' A   POVI2;
BONAP
BZCO, HRCO, MGCO, WTCO  
    Wool Grass Scirpus cyperinus grass seeds (60), division, NPN PM   Aug, Sep, Oct   full wet, med-wet 5' P birds, waterfowl; host: skipper SCCY;
BONAP
GRCO, MACO, SJCO, WTCO  
    Woolly Rose Mallow Hibiscus lasiocarpos aquatic - shrub - Hibiscus     GSW, NPS-H Apr, May, Jun, Jul, Aug, Sep white, red, pink full wet
OBL
  D birds HILA6;
BONAP
HRCO, MGCO, TNCO  
    Wooly Dutchman’s Pipevine Aristolochia tomentosa vine - Pipevine seeds (90) JB LSNMBG Mar, Apr, May yellow, green, purple partial moist 72-100'   2* butterflies & moths, host: pipevine swallowtail ARTO3;
BONAP
BZCO, CHCO, HRCO, MACO, SJCO 10
    Wrinkle-Leaf Goldenrod Solidago rugosa Goldenrod seeds (60), NPN PM   Jul, Aug, Sep, Oct yellow full, partial wet, med-wet 3' P 82 butterflies & moths, birds, bees SORU2;
BONAP
GRCO, HECO, MQCO, SJCO, WTCO  
    Xslender Bush Clover Liatris aspera Clover seeds (10), NPN PM HAR, Jul, Aug, Sept purple partial med, med-dry 2-4' P 6* butterflies & moths, birds, hummingbirds LIAS;
BONAP
   
    Yaupon Holly Ilex vomitoria tree seeds, cuttings   BNP, ENG, HABNWR Apr, May red berries full, partial dry, wet 12-25'x 8-12' E 42 butterflies & moths, birds, host: elfin ILVO;
BONAP
AUCO, BZCO, CHCO, CDCO, HRCO, MGCO, MQCO, SJCO, WTCO, WLCO, WHCO, WHCO  
    Yellow Crownbeard Verbesina helianthoides Crownbeard seeds (60) PM   Jul, Aug yellow full, partial med 4' P 21* butterflies & moths, bees VEHE;
BONAP
BZCO, BUCO, CHCO, GRCO, HRCO, HECO, MACO, MQCO, SJCO, WTCO, WHCO  
    Yellow False Foxglove Aureolaria grandiflora Foxglove seeds (60) PM   Jul, Aug, Sept yellow partial med-dry, dry 3' P . AUGR
BONAP
BZCO, WTCO  
  . Yellow Passionflower Passiflora lutea vine     NPS-H Mar, Apr, May, Jun, Jul, Aug, Sep, Oct yellow partial moist to 15' D 14 butterflies & moths, birds, insects; host: fritillaries, longwing PALU2;
BONAP
BZCO, HRCO, HECO, MACO, WTCO  
    Yellow Puff Neptunia lutea       HABNPS-H   yellow full         NELU2;
BONAP
AUCO, BZCO, BUCO, CHCO, HRCO, HECO, MACO, MGCO, MQCO, SJCO, WTCO, WHCO, WHCO  
    Zexmenia Wedelia acapulcensis shrub     NPS-M May, Jun, Jul, Aug, Sept orange, yellow               1
    Zigzag Iris Iris brevicaulis Iris     BNP, RD Mar, Apr blue, full, partial, shade   1-2' P birds IRBR2;
BONAP
CHCO  
    Zizotes Milkweed Asclepias oenotheroides milkweed seeds (15+)   BNPLSN Mar, Apr, May, Jun, Jul, Aug, Sep, Oct green  full dry 1-3' D 22* butterflies & moths, bees; host: monarch ASOE
BONAP
BZCO, BUCO, CDCO, GRCO, MACO, MGCO, WLCO, WHCO 5

1Scientific and Common Names. With all the variations in common names, using the scientific name is the only way to ensure the specific plant. Scientific names have two parts, usually based on Latin or Greek words.

  •  Straight species:  Echinacea purpurea or E. purpurea The first part is the genus name and is capitalized; the second part is the species and the word and following words (subspecies, etc.) are not capitalized. Straight species are key to creating a wildlife-friendly garden.
  •  Variety Echinacea purpurea var. arkansana Naturally occurring variations are denoted with the abbreviation "var."
  •  Cultivar Echinacea purpurea cv. ‘Magnus’ Cultivars/nativars, a cultivated plant variety formed with human influence, have names written after "cv." or within single quotes; the first letter capitalized and not italicized. Cultivars are typically less attractive to pollinators. Human tampering with a flower structure (e.g., flower color, pest/disease resistance, longer bloom times, double flower petals) results in loss of genetic diversity and often comes at expense of wildlife. Many are useless to pollinators.  
  •  Hybrid Echinacea hybrida Hybrids/nativars, a genetic cross between two entirely different species, have an “x” in the scientific name. Many are sterile are useless to pollinators.   

2Category column is helpful for sorting the database by tree, vine, grass, milkweed, shrub, aquatic or common name (e.g., penstemon).

3Propogation Techniques:

  Seeds. Purchase or collect mature seeds; some need cold stratification or scarification.
   Hardwood Cuttings taken when the plant is not actively growing – usually late fall through winter. (Source)
   Dividing Roots. Plants with fibrous roots and multiple stems can be propagated by division. Dig up or un-pot plant and use a sharp knife or trowel to cut down into root mass. Some damage will occur, but be sure to include intact root and shoot portions for re-potting/transplanting. Divide in half for two large plants, or multiple times for maximum number of smaller plants. Fall or early spring are the best times for division, depending on the species
   Corms is a short, fleshy, vertical underground stem. In the fall, these can be dug up and divided like potatoes, and transplanted for mature flowering plants the next growing season. Small corms (cormels) can be broken off the main corm, or cut larger corms (2" diameter or more) in half vertically. Corms are solid; bulbs have layers like an onion. 
  NPN links to the Native Plant Network Propagation Protocol Database, a website devoted to the sharing of information on how to propagate native plants.

4Seeds. Seeds are abundant, readily available, and inexpensive way to add native plants. Collecting indigenous seeds of local native plants is the ideal way to promote the genetic diversity of your region. Using regionally and ecologically seeds from adapted plants to your local environmental conditions perform better and gain full sustainable benefits. Seeds can also be purchased from retailers that specialize in native seeds.

  JBU Joyful Butterfly sells native plants and seeds.
  PMN Prairie Moon Nursery sells native plants and seeds.
  NAS Native American Seed  sells seeds native to our bioregion; located in the Texas Hill Country. Nature's Way Resouces in Conroe and Buchannan's Native Plants in the Heights carry a variety of Native American Seed packets. 

Scarification is involves weakening, opening, or otherwise altering the coat of a seed to encourage germination and is a technique for hard or waxy seeds to simulate natural disintegration (such as weathering, abrasion, or partial animal digestion, wildfires). There are several methods of scarification (research these methods as seeds do better with various methods): • Clipping the end of the seed coat with nail clippers, • Sanding by rubbing the seed coat with sandpaper, sanding block or nail file for a minute or so until seed coat begins to appear dull • Nicking the seed coat with a fine-tipped knife •Soaking the seeds in water (for recommended time and temperature) • Hydrogen Peroxide Soak (3% hydrogen peroxide diluted in water) • Cold Stratification

4Cold stratification. The number of days of cold stratification needed is in parentheses. Cold stratification is the term for a simple procedure that improves your seed germination rate by 300-400%. Cold stratification mimics the winter season’s chilly, moist weather that triggers a seed’s sprouting from a dormant state. Most perennial plant seeds (such as native wildflowers) require this combo of cold and damp to germinate. In nature, this occurs naturally, but you can accomplish the process yourself. The cold temperatures are as close as your refrigerator, and the moisture of the equation is supplied by water.  (Source). Mark a plastic baggie with name of seeds, # of seeds and date it needs to be taken out of the refrigerator. Place ~1/2 cup of vermiculite (chunkier is better) into a plastic baggie, add water to wet, then wait a few hours and pour of excess water.  Wait a few more hours and pour off excess water again. Add seeds and remove air and place in the back of a drawer (where the temperature doesn't fluctuate. Be sure to follow any instructions provided by the company if seeds are purchased as the number of days of cold stratification can vary depending on how the seeds are sown and stored. Additional steps might also be required. 

Germination Time. Germination is the process in which a seeds sprouts into a seedling. All seeds need moisture (evenly moist), warmth (between 65 and 80° F), and light to germinate. Once seeds are removed from the refrigerator, place the baggie in a sunny window (placing bags on a cookie sheet on a heating pad and lamp can help if it's cold outside). Check the seeds daily. Prepare growing containers with ProMix BX (or peat-based seed starter mix with mycorrhizae) that has been pre-wet. Mycorrhizae increase the surface area of a plant's root system and, as a result, the plant is able to absorb more water. When the root pops out, place them in a growing container with ProMix BX. Containers (with holes) that can be watered from the bottom are best. For plants with deep roots (e.g., milkweed), 20 oz clear solo cups (or large cups from fast food restaurants) can be used.

Place sown seed containers outside in indirect light (e.g., patio). Exposure to the wind is good. Bring plants indoors in freezing weather and place them in a well-ventilated, warm spot with bright, indirect light. Run a fan daily to mimic wind • Bottom watering encourages root development and allows the roots to spread out and stay healthier. To water, place pots in a shallow tray of water. When the soil mix surface is moist, remove pot from water and allow it to drain. • Check pots daily to see if they need watering. They should not dry out or be kept soggy. • Monitor seeds regularly; this early stage is important to survival.

5Plants. Retail locations are small growers with limited inventory or by appointment only; call ahead to make sure they have native plants in stock. Most nursery staff are not experts in native plants, when shopping, request a staff member available who is knowledgeable about native plants to assist and mention you don't want cultivars. Look up the scientific name of every plant to double-check what is being recommended.

          Annual Plant Sales
           ARG: Arbor Gate Tomball some natives (ask for native plants)  
  BUP: Buchannan's Native Plants  Heights sunny, shady, and annual native plant sections, plus native trees  
  ENF:  Enchanted Forest Richmond visit native plant section;   
  ENG:  Enchanted Gardens  Richmond visit the native plant section; ask about natives in other sections of nursery (e.g., trees)  
  FRH:  Friendswood Hardware Friendswood some natives  
  FPN:  Fern Plantation Nursery    some natives, by appointment  
  GEC: Glenbrook Ecologic  Houston by appointment  
  GSW:  Green Star Wetland Plant Farm  Alvin by appointment; monthly open mornings  
  HAB: Houston Audubon Houston year-round online sales with local pickup in Houston April 24-25, 2023
  HAR:  Houston Arboretum  Houston 2 annual native plant sales: March & October April 24-25, 2023
  JNP: Joshua's Native Plants Houston some natives (ask for native plants)  
  LNP: Lindsay's Native Plants Conroe many natives (ask for native plants)  
  LSN: Lone Star Nursery Conroe all natives; many locally sourced  
  MBG: Mercer Botanic Garden  Houston 2 annual plant sales: October & March; visit the native plant section  
  MGG: Master Gardeners - Galveston County LaMarque fall annual plant sale; visit the native plant section  
  MGH: Master Gardeners - Houston County  Houston 2 annual plant sales: October & April; visit the native plant section April 22, 2023
  MGM: Master Gardeners - Montgomery County  Conroe
2 annual plant sales: October & March; visit the native plant section
April 25, 2023
  MNU: Maas Nursery  Seabrook some natives; ask for native plants  
  MSP: Morning Star Prairie Plants Damon by appointment  
  NDN: Next Door Nursery   by appointment  
  NPS-C: Native Plant Society of Texas - Clear Lake Clear Lake 2 annual plant sales: October & April April 15, 2023
  NPS-H: Native Plant Society of Texas - Houston  Houston September - Wildscapes Workshop  
  NPS-M:  Native Plant Society of Texas - Montgomery County Conroe 2 annual plant sales: October & April April 14-15, 2023
  NWR: Nature's Way Resouces Conroe visit the native plant sections in sun and shade; ask about their native trees  
  NWB: New World Botanical  Montgomery    
  RDG: Rusty Dog Gardens Annual Sale online sales in spring and fall with local pickup in Houston  
  TRH: Trees for Houston Annual Sale spring and fall giveaways  

Residents of The Woodlands Township may be eligible for up to $150 back from The Woodlands Water Agency when purchasing native plants locally.  

6Sun Exposure:   • Full Sun  80%+ direct sun; 6+ hours of unobstructed sun.
  • Partial 30-80%+ of direct sun; 3-6 hours of sun; dappled shade (woodland edges, next to east or west wall).
  • Shade <20% sunlight; 6+ hours of indirect sunlight (wooded areas, under trees; next to north wall). 

 

7Soil Moisture:   • Dry  Soils have very low moisture levels, soils tend to be sandy, rocky and low in organic material.    
  • Moderate  moisture is well balanced; not saturated and drains well, but never completely dries out. It usually is slightly moist.
  • Wet wetland or shoreline areas; saturated with water; periodic flooding or ponding and does not drain well. 
The Wetland Indicator or Wetland Code is a wetland classification set by the USDA. We are in Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plain (AGCP):
    OBL Obligate Wetland: Occurs almost always (estimated probability 99%) under natural conditions in wetlands.
    FACW Facultative Wetland: Usually occurs in wetlands (estimated probability 67%-99%), but occasionally found in non-wetlands.
    FAC Facultative: Equally likely to occur in wetlands or non-wetlands (estimated probability 34%-66%). 

 

8Life Cycle:  Perennial plants regrow every spring and can be deciduous or evergreen
    Deciduous plants shed their leaves seasonally. Woody plants drop leaves, but stems do not die back. Herbaceous perennial plants grow back from the roots or underground stems (bulbs, tubers, corms, or rhizomes). Learn more about leaving the leaves and stems.
     Evergreens have leaves throughout the year that are always green (not all leaves shed at the same time so remain green year-round).
    Semi-Evergreens have foliage during part of the winter or dry season or tends to be evergreen in mild climates/winters
  Annual herbaceous plants live for only one growing season, then die off; plants go from seed to flower to seed in one year. 
  Biennial takes two years to complete the flowering cycle. Typically it grows vegetatively the first year and flowers and fruits during the second year before dying.

 

9Benefits:   The number of butterflies and moths that use the plant as caterpillar host plants is listed if it's found in the National Wildlife Federation Native Plant FinderCaterpillars play a directly proportional role in supporting bird populations. Butterflies and moths are ranked by choosiness of their diet, indicating which may receive the greatest benefit by the inclusion of their host plant in gardens. The site ranks flowers, grasses, trees and shrubs by their value to the ecosystem.
In addition, wildlife that the plant benefits is listed from information found the Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center Native Plant Database.   
 

  10Symbols and Maps. USDA Symbol

  USDA United States Department of Agriculture Click on the USDA Symbol and zoom in on the map to see county-level distribution.
  BONAP Biota of North America Project BONAP has the most detailed and accurate range maps of native and naturalized plants; the color-coded maps are accurate to the county-level and indicate whether a species is present or not, native or exotic, and if it is rare. This is the best resource for researching the “native-ness” and/ or geographic occurrence of a certain species. (Map Color Key
          bright green: native, indigenous, has been recorded in the wild, is naturally occurring in the county
          teal: native, but not indigenous, has been introduced in the county
          yellow: rare native found in the county
          orange: historic native found in the county
          red: presumed extinct native found in the county
          dark green: not known in that county, but recorded wild and is native to some counties in that state
          other colors: not native (except, pink/magenta can be either noxious native or exotic).

11Counties (in our area) where the plant is native according to USDA and BONAP maps.

   AUCO Austin  BUCO Burleson  CDCO Colorado GMCD Grimes 
HRCO  
Harris MGCO  Matagorda
SJCO  
San Jacinto WACO
  Walker
WTCO  
Washington
  BZCO Brazos  CHCO  Chambers FBCO Fort Bend HECO Henderson MACO Madison MQCO Montgomery TNCO Trinity WLCO Waller   WHCO Wharton  

Plant Resources

Native Plant Society of Texas

Native Plant Society of Texas (NPSOT) is a non-profit, volunteer-run organization that works to protect our state’s native plant heritage and preserve it for future generations. through educational programs, workshops, demonstration gardens and many other types of projects. Native landscape classes are offered. The following chapters are located within our council service territory:

Texas Master Naturalist

The Texas Master Naturalist Program mission is to develop a corps of well-informed volunteers to provide education, outreach, and service dedicated to the beneficial management of natural resources and natural areas within their communities for the State of Texas. They are sponsored by Texas Parks and Wildlife Department and Texas A&M AgriLife Extension ServiceClasses are offered. The following chapters are located within our council service territory:

A Presentation by Dr. Doug Tallamy

Douglas Tallamy discusses simple steps that each of us can—and must—take to reverse declining biodiversity and why we must change our adversarial relationship with nature to a collaborative one.

Recent headlines about global insect declines and three billion fewer birds in North America are a bleak reality check about how ineffective our current landscape designs have been at sustaining the plants and animals that sustain us. Such losses are not an option if we wish to continue our current standard of living on Planet Earth. The good news is that none of this is inevitable. Tallamy will discuss simple steps that each of us can- and must take to reverse declining biodiversity, why we must change our adversarial relationship with nature to a collaborative one, and why we, ourselves, are nature’s best hope. For more information on Homegrown National Park, visit https://homegrownnationalpark.org/.

Ecoregions

Milkweed Native to Texas

Milkweed isn’t a weed; it’s a flowering plant that attracts butterflies, native bees, and other pollinating insects. Milkweed gets its name from the latex or milky white secretions produced if the stem or leaves are broken. Over 450 native insects feed on milkweed nectar, sap, leaves, and flowers. In addition, it’s an important food source for the caterpillars of the Monarch Butterfly. The adult butterflies lay their eggs exclusively on milkweed since the Monarch caterpillars feed solely on the leaves of the milkweed and are the only host plant for this iconic butterfly. Nectar plants are very important for the Monarch butterfly especially in the spring and fall when they migrate through Texas. Learn more about identifying Texas milkweed. Find milkweed seeds and plants by searching the list for milkweed.

Non-Native Milkweed: Tropical Milkweed (Asclepias curassavica), Balloon or Hairy Balls Milkweed (Asclepias physocarpa), Common Milkweed (Asclepias syriaca), Giant Milkweed (Calotropis gigantea) are not native to our area.

Tropical Milkweed (Asclepias curassavica) is readily available at many nurseries. "There is preliminary evidence that where tropical milkweed has been introduced, its presence may cause monarchs to reproduce outside of their regular breeding season, disrupt monarchs’ migratory cycle, and increase transmission and virulence of the protozoan parasite (OE: Ophryocystis elektroscirrha). Thus, some monarch scientists are concerned that the planting of tropical milkweed may lead to negative impacts on monarch health. For more information on this topic, please download this fact sheet by the Monarch Joint Venture, also from the Monarch Joint Venture, about research related to tropical milkweed and monarch parasites." (Source)

If you choose to grow tropical milkweed (hopefully while converting to native milkweed), prune it to 6" in September and the regrowth regularly through winter to discourage monarchs from establishing winter-breeding colonies. Fall-migrating Monarchs only need nectar to support their migration, not host plants. Cutting back the milkweed will also help to eliminate OE spores, a debilitating protozoan parasite that infects monarchs, that may be present on the plant. Learn more about why some experts believe tropical milkweed may be harmful to the Monarch butterfly.

Invasive Plants

  • Almost half of our federally endangered native species are significantly threatened by invasive species.
  • The cost of managing and controlling invasive species in the US is nearly $140 billion annually. For plants alone, the cost is estimated at $13 billion per year.
  • The Texas Parks and Wildlife Department bans the importing and possession of about 600 species.
  • Texas has 37 noxious weeds, or nonindigenous invasive plants, per the Texas Department of Agriculture. (Source)
  • Top Texas Invasive Plants:
 

Contacts

For more information, contact Darlene Scheffler.